Question

What is menstruation? Why does it occur?

Answer 1

Hint: Menstruation Is also known as the periods.It is a regular secretion of blood and tissues into the vagina from the inner lining of the uterus.

Complete Answer:
- The first period usually begins at the age of puberty that is from 12 to 15 years of age . The first period in the females is known as minarc. The length of time is normally 28 days from the first day of the cycle and the first day of the next period.
- Owing to changes in hormones in the body, a phase occurs. Chemical messengers are hormones. The female hormones oestrogen and progesterone are released by the ovaries. These hormones cause the uterine lining (or the womb) to build up.
- For a fertilised egg to adhere to and begin to grow, the built-up lining is ready. If no fertilised egg is present, the lining breaks down and bleeds. Then the same phase occurs all over again. This process is called menstruation.
- Usually it takes about a month to make up the padding, then break it down. That is why most women and girls have their cycles only once a month.
- Ovulation is the release of the ovaries from an egg. The same hormones that cause the lining of the uterus to build up also cause one of the ovaries to leave an egg. The egg passes to the uterus through a thin tube called a fallopian tube.
- When a sperm cell fertilises the egg, it sticks itself to the wall of the uterus, where it grows into a baby over time. If the egg is not fertilised, the lining of the uterus breaks down, causing a period of bleeding.

A menstrual cycle is divided into four phases:
1. Menstrual phase
2. Follicular phase
3. Ovulation phase
4. Luteal phase

The menstrual cycle is regulated by the complex interaction of hormones that is luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Note: PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is when a girl has symptoms that occur before or after her time that are emotional and physical. Moodiness, depression, anxiety, bloating, and acne may contain such symptoms. Following the first few days of a cycle, the symptoms go away.