Question

Name the endocrine gland which secretes growth hormones. What will be its effect on people with deficiency of growth hormone?

Answer 1

Hint:-’Endo’ means within and 'krinein' means to secrete, therefore the endocrine system is a system of isolated glands which secrete chemicals called "hormones'' directly into lymph or venous blood for transport to target tissues, often located away from the site of secretion.

Complete answer:
The endocrine system comprises endocrine glands which are also called ductless glands as they lack ducts and release their secretions directly into the venous blood or lymph. These chemicals (hormones) are then taken up by the specific organs from the blood circulation to initiate a particular metabolic reaction.
The growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland.
The pars distalis region of pituitary is commonly called anterior pituitary. It produces GH (growth hormone PRL (prolactin), SH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), LH hormone), FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone). Pars intermedia produces only one hormone called melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). The hormones that get secreted from the hypothalamus are transferred to the adenohypophysis with help of the hypophyseal portal veins. The hormones produced from the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)
Growth hormone: The growth hormone is the name that is given to somatotropin or somatotropic hormone in this word Soma usually means body and "trophe" means nourishment.
It regulates the growth of the body by promoting protein anabolism, intestinal absorption of calcium, conservation of glucose etc. it helps in synthesis and deposition or proteins, growth of long bones and other parts of the skeleton.
Due to less secretion of growth hormone leads to many disorders such as
Dwarfism: The low secretion of growth hormone before puberty that is before the age of 14-16 causes pituitary dwarfism. It leads to stunted growth due to premature stoppage of body growth and reduced development of skeleton.
The dwarfism due to under secretion of GH is also called pituitary dwarfism.
 This dwarfism occurs before puberty i.e., in childhood. This dwarfism is called Ateleiosis and the dwarfs are called Midgets If deficiency of growth hormone occurs after puberty or adolescence then it causes acromicria. The person who is suffering from disease acromicria have normal body and intelligence but small hands, feet and face.

So our required answer is pituitary gland and Dwarfism

Note:- Over secretion of growth hormone before puberty causes gigantism. The person Suffering from gigantism Has extraordinary growth in height caused by abnormal elongation of long bones in childhood. The limbs are long and the hands are also large.