Question

What is the origin of type root branches?

Answer 1

Hint: Roots are a major part of the plant. Origin of them divides them into different parts from its apex. The main role of them is penetration on the soil for support and to provide plants with nourishments and water.

Complete answer:
Roots are the organ of plants that are modified to provide anchorage for the plants and take in nutrients and water, that helps the plant to flourish faster. They mostly lie below the surface of the soil though they are aerial and some aerating. The main functions of roots are absorption of water and plant nutrition.

The lateral roots are endogenous in origin that means from a deeper layer. The seat of its origin is cells of pericycle that are usually opposite to the protoxylem group to become meristematic and go on dividing periclinal and anticlinal. These roots show a vascular connection between it and the parent stele with a definite pattern. The younger ones are close to the apex.

Taproots are also called primary roots while their branches are termed secondary or lateral roots. Origin of lateral roots can be unravelled for many plants having fibrous root systems. The hump penetrates in the cotes which emerge as a lateral branch. This hump later gets differentiated into 3 regions of apex- dermatogen, periblem and pleroma. Finally, the lateral roots come out, the number of them mainly corresponds to the number of xylem bundles.

1. DERMATOGEN- It is the outer primary meristem of a plant part that gives rise to the epidermis.
2. PERIBLEM- It is a primary meristem that is located in between the dermatogen and plerone. It gives rise to the cortex.
3. PLEROME- It is the primary meristem that forms the central core of a plant or the plant part. This part of the root gives rise to stele.

Note: Rooting depth is physically restricted by a rock or compacted soil that lies close to the surface. The deepest roots are found in the desert and temperate coniferous forests. Some roots can grow as deep as the tree is high. The majority of roots of plants are closely related to the surface where nutrient availability and aeration are high.