Question

Reaction of chlorine with sodium hydroxide is called:
A. Disproportionation reaction
B. Neutralization reaction
C. Acidification reaction
D. Hydrolysis

Answer 1

Hint: When one or more substances, known as reactants, are converted into one or more separate substances, known as products, a chemical reaction occurs. In a chemical reaction, the constituent atoms of the reactants are rearranged, resulting in the creation of different substances as products.

Complete answer:
Let us first know different types of reaction
Disproportionation reaction: Disproportionation reactions are those in which a single reactant is oxidised and reduced. The reaction of disproportionation is shown below.
\[2{H_2}{O_2} = 2{H_2}O + {O_2}.\]
Since O is reduced in the formation of \[{H_2}O\] and oxidised in the formation of \[{O_2}\] , it is also a disproportionation reaction.
Neutralization reaction: A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other is known as neutralisation . In a water reaction, neutralisation ensures that there are no excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions in the solution.
Acidification reaction: Chemical reactions occur as carbon dioxide \[\left( {C{O_2}} \right)\] is absorbed by seawater, lowering the pH, carbonate ion concentration, and saturation states of biologically essential calcium carbonate minerals. "Ocean acidification," or "OA" for short, is the name given to these chemical reactions.
Hydrolysis: Any chemical reaction in which a water molecule breaks one or more chemical bonds is known as hydrolysis. Any substitution, reduction, or solvation reaction in which the nucleophile is water is referred to as a water substitution, reduction, or solvation reaction.
Now, coming to question, In alkaline conditions, chlorine gas is considered disproportionate into chloride and chlorate ions. Many non-metals react with bases to form salts. One atom of chlorine gains an electron and is converted into chloride ion and the other loses an electron and forms hypochlorite ion, \[{\mathbf{ClO}}\]. This is an excellent illustration of a disproportionation reaction. A disproportionation reaction occurs when a single compound is oxidised and reduced at the same time.
So, the correct option is: A. Disproportionation reaction.

Note:
The element undergoing disproportionation must have at least three different oxidation states, and it must be less stable in a particular oxidation state from which it can be both oxidised and reduced to a more stable oxidation state.