Question

State de Broglie hypothesis.

Answer 1

Hint: We know that de Broglie hypothesis states that all the particles have dual nature that is both particle and wave-like nature but under certain conditions. The de Broglie equation $h = \dfrac{\lambda }{{mv}}$ gives a relation between the momentum of a moving particle and its wavelength.

Complete step-by-step answer:

Matter waves are considered as the most fundamental part of the theory of quantum mechanics. The idea that matter behaves like a wave also was proposed by scientist Louis de Broglie in the year 1924. It is now known as the famous de Broglie hypothesis.
He has given the de Broglie equation which is used to illustrate the wave-like behavior of matter, mostly the wave nature of the electron that is

​ $h = \dfrac{\lambda }{{mv}}$

Where λ is the wavelength
           v is the velocity
           h is Planck's constant
           m is the mass of a particle

The de Broglie equation gives a relation between the momentum of a moving particle and its wavelength. So from the de Broglie equation, we can say that all matter also has wave’s nature.de Broglie, hypothesized that light is not the only matter which shows a wave-particle duality. He stated that ordinary “particles” such as electrons, humans, or football can also behave like a wave but under certain conditions.de Broglie hypothesis has been proved to be correct so far because various experiments on particles showed that ordinary particles also have wave-particle duality. In one such experiment when electrons are passed through a double slit toward a screen, get deposited on a screen with high and low intensities of deposition alternatively, which is similar to Young's double-slit interference experiment observed in the case of light waves, and this is possible only if the electron exhibits wave nature while passing through the double slits, resulting in constructive and destructive interference while hitting the screen as a particle again.

So, these properties of wave-like interference and diffraction are shown by particles also.

Note: For these types of questions we need to know some important concepts like the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Schrödinger equation, Bohr hypothesis that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized, Max Planck and Albert Einstein’s explanation for the photoelectric effect.