Question

State the difference between aliphatic and aromatic functional groups.

Answer 1

Hint- Here, we will proceed by mentioning the difference between aliphatic and aromatic compounds based on the arrangement of electrons, structure, reactivity, boiling point, basic nature.

Complete answer:
The difference in the arrangement of electrons causes the difference between aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Aromatic compounds have a pi-electron-conjugated mechanism whereas aliphatic compounds do not. Aromatic compounds are not just benzene, they need not consist only of hydrogen and carbon.
Aliphatic compounds contain carbohydrates and oil. Many atoms may be bound to an aliphatic molecule, but only the hydrogen and carbon component is aliphatic then. Aliphatic compounds can be linear, circular or in several cases branched. They can comprise single, double, or even triple bonds.
Aromatic compounds are ring compounds while straight chains are aliphatic compounds. Aromatics have lower boiling points for the same number of carbon atoms than aliphatic compounds, and are therefore more volatile. Aliphatic compounds are more reactive than aromatic compounds with an equivalent carbon atom count.
In the case of aromatic compounds, electron pairs that become involved in resonance (not in all cases, only possible in conjugated systems), thereby decreasing the availability of electrons over an entity thus decreasing the compound's basicity. At the other hand, the electron pair presides over the atom in aliphatic compounds and thereby increases the density of the electron and hence the basicity. Thus, aliphatic compounds are more basic in nature than aromatic compounds.
Aromatic compounds require special reaction conditions while aliphatic compounds react more freely and easily.
UV light is blocked by aromatic compounds. Most aliphatic compounds do not, though UV light is absorbed by those with 3 or more conjugated double bonds.
Aromatic compounds contain a ring of 6 carbon atoms, and their carbon-carbon bonding ring is excellent for creating new, more complicated compounds such as pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides , herbicides, and on and on while aliphatic compounds are just one bonded hydrocarbon chain. These include the simplest, mostly methane, ethane, propane , butane, etc.These are liquids at room temperature after butane, which are commonly used as solvents in many chemical reactions.

Note- Compounds in organic chemistry consist of carbon and hydrogen. Those compounds are called carbohydrates. They are broken down into two groups: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds. Often classified as non aromatic compounds are aliphatic compounds.