Question

The Chipko and Appiko movements are related to
A. Grow and protect trees and prevent their destruction
B. Struggle for Independence
C. Struggle for creation of Karnataka State
D. All

Answer 1

Hint:
Both these movements are famous environmental movements that have occurred in Indian history.
An environmental movement can be referred to as a social or political movement, for the protection of the environment or for the betterment of the environment.
Some examples of famous environmental movements are the Silent Valley Movement, Jungle Bachao Andolan, Narmada Bachao Andolan etc.

Complete answer:
Chipko Movement
The main objective of the movement was to protect the trees on the Himalayan slopes from being felled by the contractors of the forest.

The “Chipko Movement” or the “Chipko Andolan” was first started in India in the 1970s. This movement was launched by villagers who felt a strong need to protect their trees and forests. At that time, the government had ordered for large-scale deforestation and logging which worried and angered the villagers who did not want to destroy their environment.

The movement was first launched in Uttarakhand’s Chamoli district in 1973 and soon it spread to the entire Himalayan region. Literally, “Chipko” means “to hug” or “to embrace.” In this nonviolent movement, the activists would hug the trees and refuse to move until the loggers backed off. Hence they were able to prevent the trees from being cut.

Sunderlal Bahuguna, a famous environmentalist, is credited to spread this movement.

Appiko Movement
The main objective was to save the remaining tropical forests in the Western Ghats.

The villagers of the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka Province in southern India were inspired by the famous Chipko Andolan (Hug the Trees Movement) of Uttarakhand to launch a similar movement to save their forests.

During September 1983, men, women and the children of Salkani "hugged the trees" in Kalase forest. (Appiko is the local term for "hugging" in Kannada). Appiko Andolan gave birth to a new voice all over southern India.

The Appiko Movement used different methods to raise awareness like foot marches in the interior forests, slide shows, folk dances, street plays and various other methods.

The movement achieved a decent amount of success: the state government banned felling of green trees in some forest areas and allowed only dead, dying and dry trees to be felled to meet local requirements.

Option (B) Struggle for Independence: It is an incorrect option. as both the movements mentioned were for the protection of the environment. For independence, we have the “Indian independence movement” or the “Indian Freedom Struggle” that spanned a total of 90 years (1857–1947).

Option (C) Struggle for creation of Karnataka State: Again an incorrect option. The Karnataka State was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the “States Reorganisation Act”.

Option (D) All: This option can’t be correct either, as among the three given options two were incorrect.

Therefore the correct answer is A

Note
In 1730 AD in Rajasthan, a woman named “Amrita Devi Bishnoi” had led a movement similar to the Chipko movement. She was killed along with 300 more Bishnois, trying to protect the Khejri trees.

In the remembrance of the contribution of Amrita Devi and her other conservatives representatives, the Indian government introduced the“Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award.”

The first award was posthumously given to a Bishnoi youth killed by poachers in 2001.