
The fine structure of hydrogen spectrum can be explained by:
(A) The presence of neutrons in the nucleus
(B) The finite size of nucleus
(C) The orbital angular momentum of electrons
(D) The spin angular momentum of electrons
Answer
484.2k+ views
Hint
We should know that the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula. These observed spectral lines are due to the electron making transitions between two energy levels in an atom. Although hydrogen has only one electron, it contains many energy levels. When its electron jumps from higher energy level to a lower one, it releases a photon. Those photons appear as lines. For this reason, though hydrogen has only one electron, more than one emission line is observed in its spectrum. All observed spectral lines are due to electrons moving between energy levels in the atom. The spectral series are important in astronomy for detecting the presence of hydrogen and calculating red shifts. Further series for hydrogen as well as other elements were discovered as spectroscopy techniques developed. Based on this concept we have to solve this question.
Complete step by step answer
From the given question, we can deduce that the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum is explained by spin angular momentum of electrons whereas orbital angular momentum, finite size of nucleus or the presence of neutrons in the nucleus does not explain the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum. Total orbital angular momentum and total spin angular momentum. The total spin momentum has magnitude Square root of $ \sqrt{S\left( S\text{ }+\text{ }1 \right)(\hbar )} $ , in which S is an integer or half an odd integer, depending on whether the number of electrons is even or odd.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option (B).
Note
We should be having an idea that Niels Bohr explained the line spectrum of the hydrogen atom by assuming that the electron moved in circular orbits and that orbits with only certain radii were allowed. The orbit closest to the nucleus represented the ground state of the atom and was most stable; orbits farther away were higher-energy excited states. The dark lines correspond to the frequencies of light that have been absorbed by the gas. As the photons of light are absorbed by electrons, the electrons move into higher energy levels. This is the opposite process of emission. Absorption spectroscopy is performed across the electromagnetic spectrum.
We should know that the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula. These observed spectral lines are due to the electron making transitions between two energy levels in an atom. Although hydrogen has only one electron, it contains many energy levels. When its electron jumps from higher energy level to a lower one, it releases a photon. Those photons appear as lines. For this reason, though hydrogen has only one electron, more than one emission line is observed in its spectrum. All observed spectral lines are due to electrons moving between energy levels in the atom. The spectral series are important in astronomy for detecting the presence of hydrogen and calculating red shifts. Further series for hydrogen as well as other elements were discovered as spectroscopy techniques developed. Based on this concept we have to solve this question.
Complete step by step answer
From the given question, we can deduce that the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum is explained by spin angular momentum of electrons whereas orbital angular momentum, finite size of nucleus or the presence of neutrons in the nucleus does not explain the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum. Total orbital angular momentum and total spin angular momentum. The total spin momentum has magnitude Square root of $ \sqrt{S\left( S\text{ }+\text{ }1 \right)(\hbar )} $ , in which S is an integer or half an odd integer, depending on whether the number of electrons is even or odd.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option (B).
Note
We should be having an idea that Niels Bohr explained the line spectrum of the hydrogen atom by assuming that the electron moved in circular orbits and that orbits with only certain radii were allowed. The orbit closest to the nucleus represented the ground state of the atom and was most stable; orbits farther away were higher-energy excited states. The dark lines correspond to the frequencies of light that have been absorbed by the gas. As the photons of light are absorbed by electrons, the electrons move into higher energy levels. This is the opposite process of emission. Absorption spectroscopy is performed across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Recently Updated Pages
Master Class 12 Economics: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Maths: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Biology: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Physics: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Business Studies: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 English: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Trending doubts
The probability that a leap year will have only 52 class 12 maths CBSE

Describe the poetic devices used in the poem Aunt Jennifers class 12 english CBSE

And such too is the grandeur of the dooms We have imagined class 12 english CBSE

What does the god that failed refer to class 12 english CBSE

Which country did Danny Casey play for class 12 english CBSE

Draw a labelled sketch of the human eye class 12 physics CBSE
