Question

The hormone that causes gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are:
A. Aldosterone
B. Insulin
C. Glucagon
D. ACTH

Answer 1

Hint: Glucagon hormone increases glucose levels.

Complete answer: Aldosterone: It is a mineralocorticoid hormone. Aldosterone is secreted from the adrenal cortex.
It maintains the electrolyte balance in the body.
The balance is brought by reducing the loss of sodium ion ($Na^+$) through urine and sweat.

Insulin: It is secreted from the beta (β) cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes (liver cells) and adipocytes.
By this action, it increases the uptake of cellular glucose.
Hence glucose utilization is increased.
This movement of glucose to hepatocytes and adipocytes from the blood occurs because certain glucose transporters get opened up and thereby resulting in a decreased level of blood glucose.

Glucagon: It is secreted from alpha (α) cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It increases blood sugar (glucose) level by stimulating glycogenolysis (i.e. break down of glucose). Glycogenolysis is the process of breakdown of glycogen which leads to an increased level of glucose.
It also initiates gluconeogenesis which refers to the process of production of glucose.
During fasting, this hormone is secreted.

ACTH or Adrenocorticotropic hormone: It is secreted from the adenohypophysis i.e. anterior pituitary gland. It increases the blood flow towards the adrenal cortex.
It also increases the concentration of cholesterol and steroid hormones.
These actions result in an increased reaction of steroid hormone cortisol from the adrenal cortex.

So, from the above explanation, it is clear that the correct answer is C. Glucagon.

Note: Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis not only requires glucagon hormone but several other enzymes and co-factors.