VerifiedHint: The process of intermixing or atomic orbitals from the same atom forms an entirely new orbital of the same energy is known as hybridization. Hybridization can also be found by summation of valence electrons and lone pairs. If the summation comes to be 2 then the hybridization is sp, if 3 then the hybridization is $s{{p}^{2}}$ , if 4 then the hybridization is $s{{p}^{3}}$ .
Complete answer:
- Dinitrogen pentoxide is a chemical compound which belongs to the family of binary nitrogen oxide having the chemical formula as ${{N}_{2}}{{O}_{5}}$. It exists as colorless crystals.
- ${{N}_{2}}{{O}_{5}}$is also known by many names which include, Nitric anhydride, Nitronium nitrate, Nitryl nitrate, and Anhydrous nitric acid. It is a rare example of a compound that adopts two structures depending on the conditions
- Dinitrogen pentoxide is an unstable and potentially dangerous oxidizer that was once used as a reagent in chloroform for nitrations.
- It exists in the form of two ions in solid state they are NO₂⁺ and NO₃⁻
- For determining the hybridization of any molecule or ion, we need to know the lewis structures of the ions
(i) So, in NO₂⁺ ion nitrogen forms two sigma bonds and two pi bonds with each of two oxygen atoms with positive charge on it. Therefore its hybridisation is sp
(ii)In NO₃⁻ ion nitrogen forms three sigma bonds and one pi bond with oxygen atoms. Hence the hybridisation is sp² as only sigma bonds are counted for hybridisation.
- Following the above steps, we get the hybridization of one nitrogen atom as sp and another nitrogen atom as sp²
So, the correct answer is option (B).
Note: We can find the hybridization of Nitrogen in \[{{N}_{2}}{{O}_{5}}\], we can use the following method too:
Hybridization = number of atoms bonded + number of lone pairs on the atom
For nitrogen in NO₂⁺, number of bonded atoms for nitrogen = 2
Number of lone pairs = 0
Hence, Hybridization = 2 + 0 = 2
Therefore the hybridization of Nitrogen atom sp
For nitrogen in NO₃⁻, number of bonded atoms for nitrogen = 3
Number of lone pairs = 0
Hence, Hybridization = 3 + 0 = 3
Therefore the hybridization of Nitrogen atom $=s{{p}^{2}}$
