Question

The process of synthesis of protein from RNA is called:
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Replication
D. None of these

Answer 1

Hint: It is a part of the central dogma of genetics. There are separate enzymes for the synthesis of the different RNA in eukaryotes.

Complete answer:
Translation is the process of conversion of mRNA (messenger RNA) into proteins. It takes place in the cytoplasm.
All RNA types are involved in the translation process. tRNA (transfer RNA) brings activated amino acid to rRNA (ribosomal RNA). Activation of amino acid is by phosphorylation, activated tRNA is also called aminoacyl tRNA. The mRNA is the template for protein synthesis.
Translation consists of the following three steps:
Initiation: In this step, proteins are called initiation factors to assist in assembling the ribosome around the mRNA. Three regions are important as the ribosome is assembled around the mRNA with the help of the proteins. They are commonly called the A, P, and E sites. Each site will fit a single tRNA.
Elongation: In this step, several enzymatic reactions result in the formation of peptide bonds between activated amino acids. The protein is gradually formed.
Termination: In this step, a set of proteins known as the release proteins bind to the A site of rRNA in place of the tRNA. This results in the release of protein from the rRNA into the cytoplasm.

Therefore correct answer: Option 1: Translation

Note: Transcription is the process of the formation of strands of mRNA from DNA. This occurs in the nucleus of a cell.
The process of transcription and translation is separated properly in the case of eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, both the steps occur simultaneously as there is no clear separation between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in them.
Replication is the process of division/ splitting of a DNA into two daughter DNA strands.