Question

The wing of a bird and human arm perform various functions but have the same embryonic origin. Such structures are known as
(A) Homologous structures
(B) Analogous characters
(C) Vestigial structures
(D) Adaptive structures
(E) Derived traits

Answer 1

Hint: Homologous structures share a comparable embryonic origin, analogous organs have an identical function. For illustration, the bones in the front flipper of a whale are homologous to the bones in the human arm.

Step by step answer:Option A- Homologous structures
Structure in organisms arises from familiar ancestors but performs a various function is called a homologous structure. The arm of a man, the wing of a bird, and the pectoral fins of a whale are homologous structures that all have identical structures of bones, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and similar embryonic origins but has a different function.
Option B- Analogous structure
Analogous structures are illustrated as biological structures having similar or related functions but not from an identical evolutionary origin. In other words, species utilize these biological structures for an identical purpose and yet these species are from independent evolutionary lines.
Option C- Vestigial structures
Structures that have no evident function and seem to be residual parts from a past ancestor are called vestigial structures. Categories of vestigial structures include the human appendix, the pelvic bone of a snake, and the wings of flightless birds.
Option D- Adaptive structures
Adaptive structures can modify, develop, or alter their properties or manner in response to the environment around them. The examination and method of adaptive structures expect a highly multi-disciplinary approach that comprises elements of structures, materials, dynamics, control, design, and inspiration taken from biological systems.
Option E- Derived traits
A derived trait is a trait that is prevailing in an organism but was absent in the last common ancestor of the group being considered. This may also relate to structures that are not present in an organism but were present in its ancestors, i.e. traits that have undergone a secondary loss.
Thus, the correct option is Homologous structures.

Note: Homology is an association defined between structures or DNA derived from a common ancestor and clarifies descent from a common ancestor. The arm of a man, the wing of a bird, and the pectoral fins of a whale are homologous structures.