Question

Transfer of genetic information through transduction involves
a. Conjugation
b. Bacteriophage released from the donor cell
c. Another bacterium
d. Physical contact between donor and recipient strains

Answer 1

Hint: Transduction is one of the types of genetic recombination, occurs in bacteria, wherein in this process, the genetic material is transferred from donor bacteria to recipient bacteria with the help of virus particles.

Complete answer:
In transduction, the genetic material transfer through the virus particles is called bacteriophage.
- The viruses which are used to transfer the DNA of bacteria are bacteriophages and the phages which are used for transfusing the genetic materials are called transfusion phages.
- All phages are not useful for transduction.
- It has more advantages than the conjugation because, in this method, there is no need for contact between the donor and recipient bacteria.
- The process of transduction is used wide range by the biologist to produce the recombinant structures.

Principle of transduction.
- The first thing in the transduction is infecting the Donor bacteria with specific bacteriophage by the process of the lytic and lysogenic cycle.
- Once the phage enters the bacteria, the DNA of bacteria is inoculated into the phage and in the host cell, this phage undergoes production and it releases the DNA inoculated bacteriophages to the outside.
- Then these released phages attack the new host cells and transfer the donor DNA.
- This DNA integrates into the bacterial genome and reproduces in the cytoplasm and forms the progeny.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: Based on how the DNA is packed into the virus particles, they are of two types, generalized transduction, which means the DNA is mistakenly packed, while others are specialized, here the DNA is packed by lytic or lysogenic cycles.