Question

Under-secretion of adrenal cortex causes
(a)Addison's disease
(b)Cretinism
(c)Dwarfism
(d)Sterility

Answer 1

Hint: Adrenal cortex is the outer region of the adrenal gland and is the largest part which is divided into three separate zones known as zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. It makes androgen and corticosteroid hormones. It helps to regulate metabolism and helps in responding to stress.

Complete answer:
Addison's disease is caused by the under secretion of the adrenal cortex. It is also known as adrenal insufficiency which occurs when there are underactive adrenal glands which do not produce enough of the hormone cortisol. During some cases, it secretes the hormone aldosterone. It produces glucocorticoids, androgens, and mineralocorticoids. Cortisol effects on heart, blood pressure, immunity, metabolism, and nervous system. It causes deficiency and overproduction which have significant problems. Addison's disease is a disorder in which the adrenal gland does not produce enough for moans and the body is under stress which results in a life-threatening Addisonian crisis characterized by low blood pressure.

Additional Information:
Cretinism: Cretinism is a condition in which physical and mental growth is stunted. This is due to a congenital deficiency in the thyroid hormone. It is because of maternal hypothyroidism. This condition is present at the birth and the maternal hyperthyroidism in which the mother's thyroid gland is not functioning properly. It causes low thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy and can be permanent if not treated well after birth. It results in an average height, swelling of the skin, loss of hair and water, thickened skin, large tongue, and delayed bone maturation and puberty, protruding abdomen. which can cause delayed ovulation and infertility in severe conditions.
Dwarfism: It is a condition where a person is short in stature because of their genes or any medical reason. It is defined as an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches or under which is reserved in a medical or genetic condition. The average height of an adult with dwarfism is considered 4 feet. Disproportionate dwarfism is an average size torso and shorter arms and legs with a short and trunk and longer limbs whereas in proportionate dwarfism the body parts are proportionate but shortened.
Sterility: It is a physiological inability to produce during sexual reproduction in a living thing and the members who produce sexually. It is an inherited trait or can be acquired from the environment such as any physical injury or disease due to radiation exposure. It is caused by selective breeding where selected traits are closely linked to genes which involve in sex determination or fertility. Animals that are sterile can produce offspring by meeting with closely related species such as the mule, tigon, liger, and Jenny.
So, the correct answer is 'Addison's disease'.

Note: Adrenal diseases are not only caused by the problem in the adrenal gland. These glands do not get fatigued. The symptoms for an adrenal insufficiency can be vague. One of the treatments for adrenal insufficiency is hormone replacement which is considered as the primary treatment.