Question

What is factor IX deficiency?

Answer 1

Hint: Hemophilia B is a rare inherited bleeding condition in which the levels of a blood protein called factor IX are insufficient. A clotting factor is Factor IX. Clotting factors are specialized proteins that aid in the process of blood clotting, which is the process by which blood closes a wound to halt bleeding and facilitate healing. Hemophilia B patients do not bleed quicker than healthy people; instead, they bleed for longer.

Complete answer:
Hemophilia B, also known as factor IX deficiency, is the second most common congenital bleeding disorder. Hemophilia B is inherited as an X linked recessive trait. Bleeding episodes might be minor, moderate, or severe in this condition. It is also known as Christmas disease, after Stephen Christmas, the first patient to be diagnosed with hemophilia B.
A coagulation factor is Factor IX. Hemophilia B is caused by the body’s inability to produce enough factor IX. Hemophilia B is caused by an X-linked recessive gene mutation on the X chromosome. The blood cannot clot correctly to control bleeding if factor IX is insufficient.
Easy bruising, urinary tract bleeding (haematuria), nosebleeds (epistaxis), and joint bleeding (haemarthrosis) are all symptoms of hemophilia B.
Patients with bleeding disorders have a greater rate of periodontal disease and dental caries due to their fear of bleeding, which leads to poor oral hygiene and care. Gingival bleeding during primary dentition exfoliation or persistent bleeding following an invasive procedure/ tooth extraction are the most common oral manifestations of mild hemophilia B; in severe hemophilia, there may be spontaneous bleeding from the oral tissues, lips, and gingiva, with ecchymoses.

Note:
Factor IX deficiency increases the risk of bleeding, which can occur spontaneously or as a result of minor trauma. When there is trauma, factor IX deficiency can interfere with the coagulation cascade, resulting in spontaneous bleeding. When factor IX is activated, it activates factor X, which aids in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.