Question

Which of the following options correctly represents the lungs condition in asthma and emphysema respectively? A. Increased respiratory surface and inflammations of bronchioles B. Inflammations of bronchioles and decreased respiratory surface C. Decreased respiratory surface and inflammations of bronchioles D. Increased number of bronchioles and increased respiratory surfaces

Answer 1

Hint: Asthma arises due to increase in the inflammation of bronchi or bronchioles whereas in emphysema alveolar walls are damaged resulting in low respiratory surface.

Complete answer:
Lungs are a pair of spongy, which are air filled organs located on either side of the chest. The trachea helps in inhalation air into the lungs by tubular branches, called bronchi. Lungs are the most important organ for our respiration. It is found that lungs are susceptible to various infections and diseases.
Respiratory disorders are the pathological conditions which damage the tissue and organs and make difficulty in the exchange of gas. Respiratory disorders are caused by smoking tobacco, by infection, by breathing in second- hand smoke of tobacco, asbestos, radon, or other forms of air pollution.
 It includes the bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, alveoli, pleurae, pleural cavity, and the muscles and the nerves of respiration. There are different respiratory disorders like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Bronchitis, emphysema etc.
Asthma is a chronic disease in which there is breathing. Inflammation of the air passages has been caused by asthma, resulting in narrowing of airways which carry oxygen to the lungs. The symptoms depend on person to person and can vary over time. Shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing etc. It mainly occurs due to inflammation of the bronchi or bronchioles. Generally asthma begins in childhood and goes into adulthood.
Emphysema is a serious respiratory disorder. The major cause of this disorder is cigarette smoking which damages the alveolar walls and decreases the respiratory surface. Patients with this disorder find difficulty in breathing air from their lungs. There is respiratory failure and requires more oxygen for breathing.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Note:
Respiratory disorders are the disorders that affect the respiratory tract of the body. The organs are infected by the respiratory system. It is a global problem in the present era mainly caused by cigarette, radon, and asbestos and air pollution.