Question

Which was the first project for wildlife conservation in India?

Answer 1

Hint - It was the first project for wildlife conservation in India after the passage of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act in 1972. It was launched on 1 April 1973 in Jim Corbett National Park.

Complete Step by step answer -
 Project Tiger is a tiger conservation program launched by the Government of India in April 1973 during the tenure of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Kailash was the first director of the series Project Tiger. As the Bengal tiger is the national animal of India, the project aims to curb the dwindling population of big cats and work to increase their numbers.
The project aims to ensure a natural population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats, protect them from extinction and preserve areas of biological importance as a natural heritage, a diversity of ecosystems during tiger distribution in the country. Be as close as possible. The project's task force envisioned these tiger reserves as breeding nuclei, allowing surplus animals to move into adjacent forests. The project was mastered with funding and commitment to supporting an intensive program of habitat protection and rehabilitation. The government has set up a tiger conservation force to combat poachers and financed the rehabilitation of villagers to reduce human-tiger conflict.
 During the 2006 tiger census, a new methodology used site-specific densities of tigers, their co-hunters, and prey derived from camera traps, and surveys were signed using GIS. Based on the results of these surveys, the total tiger population was estimated at 1,411 individuals, ranging in age from 1,165 to 1,657 adults and sub-adult tigers older than 1.5 years. Due to the project, the number of tigers increased to 2,226 according to the census report released in 2015. The state survey reported a significant increase in the tiger population which was estimated to be 2,967 during the 2018 count. Is given (as in the four-year tiger census).
The main objectives of Project Tiger are -
1. Reduce factors that meet tiger habitat shortages and reduce them by appropriate management. The damage done to the habitat will be corrected to facilitate the recovery of the ecosystem to the maximum extent possible.
2. Ensure a viable tiger population for economic, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, and ecological values.
3. The monitoring system was developed to patrol M-STRIPES and protect tiger habitats. It maps patrol routes and allows forest guards to record sightings, events, and changes while patrolling. It generates protocols based on these data, so those management decisions can be optimized.

Project Tiger was administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority. The overall administration of the project is overseen by a Steering Committee, headed by a Director. A field director is appointed for each reserve, assisted by a group of field and technical personnel.
Various tiger reserves in the country were created based on the 'core-buffer' strategy -
Main Area: Main areas are free from all human activities. It has the legal status of a national park or a wildlife sanctuary. It is kept free from biological disturbances and forestry functions, such as a collection of minor forest produce, grazing, and other human disturbances are not permitted.
 Buffer areas: Buffer areas are subject to 'conservation-oriented land use'. These include forest and non-forest land. It is a multi-purpose use area that provides wild animal populations from the core conservation unit with the dual objectives of supplementing habitat and site-specific co-developmental inputs to surrounding villages to relieve their impact on the core area.
Wireless communication systems and outstation patrol camps have been developed within the Tiger Reserve, causing a significant decline in poaching. Fire protection is effectively carried out by appropriate preventive and control measures. Voluntary village transfer has been done in many areas, most notably from the core sector. Livestock grazing in tiger reserves has been largely controlled. Various compensatory developmental works have improved water governance and land and area-level vegetation, thereby increasing animal density. Research data related to vegetation changes are also available from several reserves. Future plans include the use of advanced information and communication technologies in wildlife conservation and crime management in tiger reserves,


Note - Project Tiger's efforts were hampered by poaching as well as disputes and irregularities in Sariska and Namdapha, both of which were reported extensively in the Indian media. The Forest Rights Act 2006, passed by the Government of India, recognizes the rights of communities living in certain forest areas. This has led to controversy over the implications of such recognition for tiger conservation. Some argued that this is problematic because it would increase opportunities for conflict and poaching; Some even claim that "tigers and humans cannot bear". Others argue that it is a limited perspective that ignores the reality of human-tiger coexistence in tiger crises and the role of power abuse by authorities rather than local ones. The post was supported by the Tiger Task Force of the Government of India, and is also taken over by some forest dwellers' organizations.