Question

Why is Xylem called dead tissue?

Answer 1

Hint: In vascular plants, Xylem transports and stores water and water-soluble nutrients. Sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules are transported by phloem in plants. Vascular plants can grow taller than other plants due to the rigidity of the xylem cells that support the plant.

Complete answer:
Except for Xylem parenchyma, all Xylem components are dead, making xylem a non-living tissue. The primary function of Xylem is water conduction. The Xylem elements must form a narrow tube-like structure in order for water to rise in the tube via capillary action. The cell walls of the tracheid and vessel components must be lignified and their inner components must be lost to accomplish this. This will only be possible if the cells are dead. Water transport is also accomplished through physical forces and does not necessitate the use of energy.
Except for phloem fibres, all phloem components are alive. Because food is transported by active transport, which requires energy, the majority of phloem parts are alive and not dead like Xylem. The cell that becomes the sieve element goes through a highly regulated partial autolysis, resulting in a large, nearly empty cell that can transport a wide range of molecules. However, certain components and organelles that are essential for transportation are retained.
Water, minerals, and sugars are transported by vascular tissue to various parts of the plant. Vascular tissue is made up of two different types of conducting tissues: Xylem and Phloem. Xylem tissue transports water and nutrients from the roots to various parts of the plant, as well as providing structural support in the stem.
Organic compounds are transported from the site of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant by phloem tissue. In a vascular bundle, the Xylem and Phloem are always next to each other.

Note:
The xylem and phloem are always adjacent. The Xylem and phloem combine to form a structure known as a vascular bundle in stems, and the vascular stele or vascular cylinder in roots.