Pancreas: Location, Function, Diseases and More for Easy Understanding

The pancreas is a glandular organ in the abdomen located behind the stomach. It plays a key role in both digestion and blood sugar regulation. The pancreas functions in the digestive system by releasing enzymes that help break down food, while its endocrine cells produce hormones to maintain normal blood glucose levels.

Pancreas Location

Understanding the pancreas location is essential. Part of it lies between the stomach and spine, and another portion rests within the curve of the duodenum (the first segment of the small intestine). The head of the pancreas is on the right side of the abdomen, connecting to the duodenum via a channel called the pancreatic duct. The narrow tail extends to the left side, often reaching near the spleen.

Pancreas Function

The pancreas function can be divided into two main categories:

1. Exocrine Function

• The pancreas releases important enzymes such as amylase, proteases (like trypsin and chymotrypsin), and lipase.

• These enzymes aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

• When food enters the stomach, these enzymes are secreted into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct to support digestion.

2. Endocrine Function

• The pancreas contains clusters of cells known as the Islets of Langerhans.

• These islets produce pancreas hormones like insulin and glucagon, which are secreted directly into the bloodstream.

• Pancreas function insulin is crucial in lowering high blood sugar, while glucagon helps increase it, keeping blood glucose at a normal level.

Symptoms of Pancreas Problems

Various issues can affect the pancreas. Symptoms of pancreas problems may include:

• Persistent abdominal pain that may radiate to the back

• Unintentional weight loss

• Nausea and vomiting

• Changes in stool (e.g., oily or foul-smelling stools)

• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) in certain cases

If these symptoms appear or persist, it is important to seek medical advice.

Pancreatic Diseases and Conditions

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis occurs when pancreatic enzymes start digesting the organ from within, leading to inflammation and pain. It can be acute, causing sudden, painful attacks, or chronic, which lasts for a longer duration.

Precursors to Pancreatic Cancer

While the exact cause is not fully understood, certain factors can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. These include a family history of cancer, genetic syndromes, smoking, and chronic pancreatitis.

Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, an exocrine tumour, is one of the most common forms of pancreatic cancer. Endocrine tumours (also called neuroendocrine tumours or islet cell tumours) make up a smaller percentage of pancreatic cancers but still pose significant health concerns.

Quiz on Pancreas (with Answers)

Test your knowledge with this short quiz:

1. Which part of the small intestine receives the digestive enzymes from the pancreas?
   Answer: The duodenum.

2. Which cells in the pancreas secrete insulin and glucagon?
   Answer: Islets of Langerhans.

3. Name any two major enzymes involved in protein digestion secreted by the pancreas.
   Answer: Trypsin and chymotrypsin.

4. Which hormone lowers blood sugar levels?
   Answer: Insulin.

5. Mention one common symptom of pancreas problems.
   Answer: Persistent abdominal pain.

Related Topics

• Human Digestive System

• Role of Digestive Enzymes

• Neuron

• Cell Biology

• Cell Division