Preparation of 250ml of 2M H2SO4 from the Given 18M H2SO4

Standard liquid solutions, like acids, are readily available and simple to prepare. By calculating the volume of the solution and diluting it in water into a volumetric flask with a known volume of solution, one can perform the preparation of the standard solution. Sulphuric acid possesses the H2SO4 formula. In this experiment with the given 18M concentrated H2SO4 acid, the preparation of 250mL of 2M H2SO4 acid is explained in detail.

Sulphuric acid is also referred to as "oil of vitriol,” which is another name; termed after Jabir ibn Hayyan, an alchemist.

Table of Content

• Aim

• Apparatus Required

• Procedure

• Observations

• Result

Aim

To prepare 250ml of 2M H2SO4 from the given 18M H2SO4.

Apparatus Required

1. 250ml beaker

2. 250ml Volumetric flask

3. Glass rod

4. Funnel

5. 250ml measuring flask

6. Watch glass

7. Wash bottle

Theory

A standard solution is  one whose concentrations are precisely known. To prepare the 2M dilute H2SO4, the volume of H2SO4 solution required is prepared using the molarity equation,

\[{M_1}{V_1} = {M_2}{V_2}\] 

M1 is the molarity of H2SO4 provided. \[{M_1} = 18M\] 

V1 is the volume of the H2SO4 required to prepare. \[{V_1} = ?\] 

M2 is the molarity of the dilute H2SO4 solution to be prepared. \[{M_2} = 2M\] 

V2 is the volume of the dilute H2SO4 solution to be prepared.\[{V_2} = 250ml\] 

\[18 \times {V_1} = 2 \times 250\] 

\[{V_1} = \frac{{2 \times 250}}{{18}}\] 

\[{V_1} = 27.8ml\] 

27.8ml concentrated H2SO4 solution is required to prepare 250ml of 2M dilute H2SO4 solution.

Procedure

Preparation of 250ml of 2M H2SO4 from the Given 18M H2SO4

1. To prepare 2M 250 ml dilute H2SO4, estimate how much 18M H2SO4 is required.

2. Measure approximately 100 ml distilled water and pour it in a 250mL beaker using a measuring cylinder. This water volume is a tiny bit less than the amount which will be necessary.

3. In a measuring cylinder measure 27.8 ml of the provided concentrated H2SO4. To the water collected in the beaker, acid should be added slowly and carefully while stirring it with a glass rod. Occasionally run tap water over the beaker to cool it off. 

4. After adding all the acid, pour the mixture from the beaker into a 250 ml volumetric flask using glass rod and funnel.

5. Using a wash bottle, gently pour sufficient distilled water into the flask to fill it to just beneath the mark that has been carved on it.

6. When the lower layer of the meniscus almost reaches the line on the flask, add the final few millilitres of distilled water drop-wise using pipette.

7. Put a stopper on the volumetric flask as well as give it a little shake to evenly distribute the solution. Mark it as a 2M H2SO4 solution.

Observations

Result

The result of the chemistry experiment on the preparation of 250ml of 2M H2SO4 from the given 18M H2SO4 verified that:

A 250 ml of 2M H2SO4 solution has been successfully prepared.

Precautions

• Handle chemicals and apparatus with caution.

• Every apparatus should be rinsed with distilled water and dried before starting the experiment.

• The solution preparation should be done while wearing an apron. 

• Concentrated H2SO4 should be added very slowly through continuous stirring in the water.

• Use a measuring cylinder to collect the concentrated acid. Employ pipette filler if you must use a pipette. Avoid sucking through the pipette. 

• To make the solution uniform, it must be thoroughly shaken.

• If any acid spills on your body, immediately wash it off with water. Apply a little ointment after that.

• After the completion of the experiment, wash your hands thoroughly.

Lab Manual Questions

1. Why should the solution be stirred continuously while pouring concentrated H2SO4 into the water?

Ans: This provides a consistent temperature rise across the entire solution. This prevents local heating, which would otherwise cause the glass vessel to shatter.

2. What is the aim of transferring solutions using a glass rod?

Ans: Solutions are poured using glass rods to prevent spillage. A glass rod placed against a beaker's pouring edge enables the solution to run down the glass rod and into the collecting vessel, as opposed to splashing beyond the lip.

3. Why does the pipette not blow out the final drop?

Ans: Due to surface tension, a tiny drop of liquid remains in the pipette after the last drop is added, preventing the last drop from being blown out. Furthermore, the design of pipettes ensures that this drop won't have an impact on the empirical value.

4. Why is it necessary to close the volumetric flask once the solution is prepared?

Ans: The solute's ability to interact with the moisture of the oxygen or absorb carbon dioxide or some additional pollutant in the air is dependent on the solute.

Viva Questions

1. Define molarity.

Ans: The number of moles of a solute per litre of a solution is known as molarity. Another term for molarity is the molar concentration of a solution.

2. What is the molarity equation to calculate the molarity of H2SO4?

Ans: The molarity equation to calculate molarity of H2SO4 is \[{M_1}{V_1} = {M_2}{V_2}\] 

3. What is the normality equation of 2M sulphuric acid?

Ans: \[Normality = n \times Molarity\] 

4. What does “n” denote in the normality equation of 2M sulphuric acid?

Ans: “n” denotes the number of replaceable hydrogen ions in H2SO4.

5. What is the base’s acidity

Ans:  The acidity of the base is the number of replaceable hydroxide ions.

6. What is the acid's basicity?

Ans: Basicity of acid is a number of replaceable hydrogen ions.

7. What is the correct way of diluting an acid?

Ans: The correct way of diluting an acid is to add acid into water with constant stirring.

8. What kind of water is used for the dilution of sulphuric acid?

Ans: Distilled water is used for the dilution of sulphuric acid.

9. Why should a pipette never be held by its bulb?

Ans: The glass bulb could expand due to body heat, which would cause a measuring inaccuracy.

10. What are the two types of standard solution?

Ans: Primary and secondary standard solution.

Practical Based Questions

1. Choose the correct option for the number of replaceable hydrogen ions in sulphuric acid?

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

Ans: The number of replaceable hydrogen ions in sulphuric acid is 2.

2. What is the normality of 2M sulphuric acid?

1. 2N

2. 3N

3. 4N

4. 5N

Ans: The normality of 2M sulphuric acid is 4N.

3. What is the unit of molarity?

1. M or Moles L-1

2. N or eq L-1

3. Mol per kg

4. None of the above option

Ans: The unit of molarity is M or moles L-1.

4. What is the standard of concentrated H2SO4 acid solution?

1. Primary 

2. Secondary

3. Territory

4. None of the three options

Ans: Concentrated H2SO4 acid is a secondary standard solution.

5. What per cent of 5 litres is 400 ml?

1. 5%

2. 6%

3. 7%

4. 8%

Ans: The per cent of 5 litres in 400 ml is 8%.

6. What type of instrument is used in this experiment to add the last drop to avoid the extra drops in the solution while transferring the solution in a volumetric flask?

1. Dropper

2. Wash bottle

3. Pipette

4. None of the above three options

Ans: Pipette is used to avoid extra drops during solution preparation

7. What type of acid is H2SO4?

1. Strong

2. Moderate

3. Weak

4. None of the above three option

Ans: H2SO4 acid is a strong acid.

8. What happens when conc H2SO4 is added to cane sugar?

1. CO is obtained

2. CO and CO2is obtained

3. Only carbon is obtained

4. None of the three option 

Ans: Only carbon is obtained when conc H2SO4 is added to cane sugar.

9. How is the strength of a particular solution determined?

1. Law of mass action

2. Equivalent law

3. Henry’s law

4. None of the three option

Ans: Equivalent law is used to determine the strength of a particular solution. 

10. How does distilled water act in chemical laboratories?

1. Indicator

2. Solvent 

3. Universal solvent

4. None of the three options

Ans: Distilled water acts as a universal solvent in chemical laboratories.

Conclusion

This Chemistry experiment on the preparation of 250 ml of 2M H2SO4 from the given 12M H2SO4 infers that the 2M dilute H2SO4 is prepared by the dilution of sulphuric acid given. H2SO4 is the chemical formula for sulphuric acid. The concentration of the sulphuric acid solution can be determined with high accuracy. A 2M dilute H2SO4 of 250 ml solution is prepared by calculating the volume to be prepared using the provided 18M H2SO4 acid solution. It is prepared utilizing only pure chemicals, and standardisation can be done to determine the precise concentration.