Important Questions for CBSE Class 6 Social Science - Social and Political Life Chapter 8 - Urban Livelihoods

1. Fill in the blanks:

1. Shopkeepers give orders and payments to the _____.

Ans: Shopkeepers give orders and payments to the salespersons.

2. Casual workers work in the _______ sector.

Ans: Casual workers work in the unorganized sector.

3. Bhopal is famous for the work of ______.

Ans: Bhopal is famous for the work of zari. 

4. Permanent employees are not entitled to _____ countries’ national holidays.

Ans: Permanent employees are not entitled to other countries’ national holidays.

2. State true and false:

i. There is no job security in permanent jobs.

    Ans: False

ii. Temporary workers are always pressurised to complete their tasks.

     Ans: True 

iii. Call centers are the new form of employment in the cities.

      Ans: True 

iv. The salaries of permanent employees are deducted during medical leave.

      Ans: False 

3. Match the following:

Ans:

4. Choose the correct option:

i. An ideal city-state for setting up a textile business

1. Gujarat

2. Mandsaur

3. Madhya Pradesh

4. Jammu and Kashmir

 Ans: a. Gujarat 

ii. Micro-entrepreneur

1. Marketing manager of a private company

2. A businessman

3. Both a and b

4. None of the above

Ans: a. Marketing manager of a private company

5. Define the following:

i. Workshops

Ans: Workshops are rooms in factories where workers work to manufacture different goods to sell those in the market. 

ii. Casual workers

Ans: Casual workers are the workers who are employed based on temporary job contracts to do time-based jobs. They enjoy no extra benefits and job security. 

Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

6. Who are salespersons?

Ans: Salespersons are personnel of an industrial company and their responsibilities are to take orders of industrial goods from shopkeepers and gather payments from them and then transport their orders to specific destinations on time.

7. Which international organization deals with labour issues?

Ans: A United Nations body, International Labour Organisation deals with the issues faced by labourers.

8. What is a call centre?

Ans: Call centres are big centralized offices where the employees handle the problems/issues faced by customers regarding goods and services they have bought. In recent years, they have emerged as the major source of employment in urban areas. 

9. Which threat does a temporary employee feel?

Ans: A temporary employee always feels threatened by job insecurity, ill-treatment, and chances of getting fired by the employer.

10. What do you mean by the provident fund?

Ans: Provident fund refers to lifetime savings of an individual and it is obtained along with interests after retirement. 

Short Answer Question (3 Marks)

11. How does a job play in someone’s life?

Ans: Jobs play an important role in someone’s life in the following ways—

• Jobs help an individual to become financially secure. 

• It gives one a sense of independence, self-confidence and is the key to achieve life goals. 

• Apart from sustaining oneself, jobs help people to sustain the dependent members of their families. From necessities to luxuries, every demand of people can only be fulfilled by the earnings that come from jobs. 

• Not only at individual levels but also jobs help in the betterment of a nation’s economy as a whole. A country is considered rich when its national income increases. 

• Also, people who earn pay a certain amount of money as tax to the government. With these taxes, the government introduces many welfare programmes which help in the social and economic upliftment of all the people living in a nation. 

12. What are factories?

Ans: Factories refer to buildings where the industrial production of goods is carried out. It contains workshops where workforces are involved in different types of work interchange of certain remuneration. The works generally involve using various machines or instruments to provide finished products within a short period. Example— In a garment factory, different types of clothes are manufactured. The workers use sewing machines to stitch pieces of cloth within a short period. 

13. What do you mean by a businessperson?

Ans: Businesspersons are people who own shops or companies and manage those on their own. They can also be called employers as they often employ people to work in their respective companies as supervisors and helpers. In other words, business persons are those who are not employed but generate employment themselves. For example – if you own a saree shop and have appointed some workers in it, you are a businessperson. 

14. What is one basic thing that a municipal corporation does?

Ans:  A municipal corporation is a sole body that is authorized to decide the working days of a market. In other words, it decides on which days of a week a market is supposed to remain either open or closed. It means it also decides the holidays of a market. 

15. How does a marketing manager influence the market?

Ans: Marketing managers are employees who influence the market by supervising or managing the salespersons of a company. Their tasks in a company involve meeting salespersons of different regions, keeping track of their progress, helping them with the problems they face, and encouraging them to increase confidence to carry out their work perfectly. In short, marketing managers of a company are solely responsible for planning the sales in a whole city. 

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

16.  Differentiate between permanent versus casual jobs.

Ans: The differences between permanent and casual jobs are—

17. Explain the living conditions of the laborers living in the slum areas of the cities.

Ans: The living condition of the labours that live in the slum areas of the city is as follows—

• Most of the labourers live in harsh and unhealthy conditions in slum areas that lack basic facilities and security.

• As most of the laborers don’t have permanent jobs and high income, they mostly do not own permanent residences. 

• They do not have a permanent shelter and sleep on pavements or in paid night shelters run by the Municipal Corporation.

• Sometimes, they somehow manage to set up small congested homes on the street. 

• There are spaces where several workers leave their belongings during the day and go to work and cook meals at night. 

• Many laborers also take loans from the local tea and cigarette shops which offer safety for their extra money and tools but in an unorganised way.

18. From the chapter ‘Urban Livelihood’ fill in the given data.

Ans:

19. What are the other benefits of a government job along with salary?

Ans: A government job comes with many benefits except for the salary. Such benefits are as follows—

• Old-age savings: In the form of a provident fund, a part of an individual’s salary is kept with the government. These are the lifetime savings and it is obtained along with interests after retirement. 

• Holidays: A government employee is also eligible to have off from work on Sundays as well as national holidays. Apart from these declared holidays, he/she can also take leave on a certain number of days which are part of her annual leave.

• Medical facilities: Government employees are also paid a certain amount of medical expenses of their own as well as their family members. Besides these, they also get paid leaves on account of ill health.

• Job security: Unlike casual workers, they are the permanent workers of the government. They have no chances of getting fired and hence enjoy job security. 

20. Why is there always a threat to the lives of tribes?

Ans: The reasons behind the threat to tribal lives are as follows—

• Loss of livelihood: As the population in a country increases, there is a need to increase the available resources to sustain them. Hence, to build more settlements, forested areas are cleared. The tribes reside mainly in forests and depend on natural resources for their livelihood. So, cutting down trees and forests is an immediate threat to their survival. 

• Loss of culture: They are often asked by the government to shift to a new place. It results in losing their original lands and homes. They lose their own distinguishable culture and nothing can be more threatful than this.