NCERT Books for Class 10 Science Chapter 10

Topics covered in Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction is an essential Chapter in Class 10 Science, with a weightage of 7 points according to the most recent marking scheme. Students will learn about light phenomena such as refraction and reflection in Chapter 10 of Class 10 Science. Spherical mirrors, image generation, and drawing ray diagrams will all be covered.

This Chapter covers the following topics:

• Light Reflection

• Spherical Mirror

• Image Formation

Have you ever considered what causes things to appear to us? Light is the solution to the inquiry. During the day, sunlight aids in our ability to see items. Light reflects as it strikes an object. This reflected beam, when received by our eyes, aids in our ability to see. There are many fascinating occurrences linked with light, such as the development of the rainbow, stars, and so on. 

Let us investigate the phenomena of refraction and reflection using straight-line light propagation in Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction.

Mind Map

Reflection and Refraction of Light 

The experience of seeing in the eyes is produced by a type of energy. Light is EM waves wave-length 400 nm to 750 nm.

Light Characteristics

• Light propagation along a rectilinear axis

• In air/vacuum, light travels at a speed of 3 108 m/s.

• The medium determines the speed of light.

• Light exhibits properties such as reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, polarisation, and so on.

The Refraction Law

• Light refraction is the bending of a light ray as it travels from one medium to another.

• As it passes from rarer to denser material, a light ray bends towards the normal.

• And deviates from the usual as it progresses from denser to rarer media.

• Because the speed of light differs between the two mediums, light refracts.

Internal Total Reflection: The ray was completely reflected back to the denser medium.

Plane Mirror

• Is a highly polished appearing glass on one side.

• Creates a simulated and erect image

• The distance between the object and the mirror equals the distance between the image and the mirror.

• The image has the same dimensions as the thing.

• The image has been inverted laterally.

• Used in kaleidoscopes, periscopes, and other similar devices.

Concave Mirror

• The spherical glass that has been polished on the outside. A converging mirror is another name for it.

• Images are always genuine, reversed, and can be enlarged depending on position, except when an object is placed between the pole and the focus.

• It’s used in make-up and shaving mirrors, dentist mirrors, floodlights, and so on.

Convex Mirror

• Inside is polished spherical glass. A diverging mirror is another name for 

• It creates visuals that are virtual, upright, and small.

• Uses: for security, in automobiles as a rear-view mirror, and for street illumination.

Refraction of the Atmosphere

Because the Earth's atmosphere is thin at the top and dense at the bottom, light refracts.

Examples of it are- 

• Rainbow 

• Twinkling Stars

• Early Sunrise 

• Late sunset

Lensk

A piece of transparent material with two refracting surfaces, at least one of which is curved, and whose refractive index differs from that of the surrounding material.

Concave Lens

The central section of the lens is thinner than the periphery. It is also referred to as a diverging lens.

The Convex Lens

The central region of the lens is thicker than the periphery. Converging lenses is another name for it.

Magnification

The ratio of the image's distance to the object's distance from the optical centre. Also equal to the image's height to the object's height