An Introduction to Concentration
The concentration of the solution tells you how much solute has been dissolved in the solvent. Dilution is the addition of solvent, which decreases the concentration of the solute in the solution. The first measured concentration of a compound in a substance is the initial concentration. When both the reactants and the product are in a concentration that doesn't modify according to the time, it's stated to be in a state of equilibrium. During this state, the speed of forward reaction is the same as the rate of backward reaction. For a reaction, if you recognise the initial concentrations of the substances, you'll be able to calculate the equilibrium concentration. We will be focusing on how to calculate the initial concentration of a substance.
What is Concentration?
In Chemistry, concentration refers to the quantity of a substance in an outlined space. In chemistry, the concentration of a solution is the amount of a solute that is contained in a specific amount of solvent or solution. Knowing the concentration of solutes is vital in controlling the ratio of reactants for solution reactions.
Initial Concentration Formula
The formula below is employed in laboratories to calculate the final concentrations, volume which is unknown or the initial concentration of a solution.
${{C}_{1}}{{V}_{1}}={{C}_{2}}{{V}_{2}}$
${{C}_{1}}=\frac{{{C}_{2}}{{V}_{2}}}{{{V}_{1}}}$
Where, C1 = Initial concentration of solution
V1 = Initial volume of solution
C2 = Final concentration of solution
V2 = Final volume of solution
How to Find Initial Concentration?
We can also use integrated rate laws, and rate constants to find out how to calculate the initial concentrations or final concentrations.
The common integrated rate laws:
For a zero order reaction:
rate = k
The integrated rate law is:
$[A]$ = -kt + [Ao]
[Ao] = $[A]$ + kt
For first order reaction:
rate = k$[A]$
The integrated rate law is:
ln $[A]$ = -kt + ln [Ao]
ln [Ao] = ln $[A]$ + kt
Here, $[A]$ = final concentration or concentration of product.
[Ao] = Initial concentration or concentration of reactant.
k= is the rate constant and t is time taken for reaction to complete.
What is the Initial Concentration of HCl?
A sample problem is discussed below to find the concentration of HCl solution.
Q. If 100 ml of 0.5 M HCl solution is diluted with water to 1000 ml, find the new concentration or final concentration of the solution.
Ans. By using the solution dilution equation , ${{C}_{1}}{{V}_{1}}={{C}_{2}}{{V}_{2}}$
The initial concentration of HCl , C1 = 0,5 M
Initial volume ,V1=100 ml
Final concentration of HCl , C2 = to find
Final volume , V2 = 1000 ml.
${{C}_{2}}=\frac{{{C}_{1}}{{V}_{1}}}{{{V}_{2}}} \\$
${{C}_{2}}=\frac{0.5\times 100}{1000}=0.05M \\$
Therefore, the final concentration is 0.05 M.
Interesting Fact
To concentrate a solution, one should add more solute, or reduce the quantity of solvent.
The concentration of a solute is incredibly necessary in learning chemical reactions because it determines how usually molecules collide in solution and therefore indirectly determines the rates of reactions and also the conditions at equilibrium.
Conclusion
A dilution may be used to not only lower the concentration of the analyte being tested but also additionally to help minimise interferences from different compounds within the sample that would unnaturally change the analysis. In this article, the determination of initial concentration by using dilute equation or integrated rate law equation is explained with the assistance of a solved example.
FAQs on Initial Concentration
1. What is the order of reaction?
Order of reaction refers to the link between the speed of reaction and the concentration of reactants or initial concentration of a solution that participates during a chemical process. The order of reaction doesn't perpetually depend upon the stoichiometric coefficients within the balanced chemical equation. The sum of the power of concentration of reactants concerned in reaction within the rate law expression is termed the order of that chemical reaction. The reaction may be zero, first order, second order, and so on. The order of reaction can be a whole number or fraction or zero.
2. What is chemical equilibrium?
Chemical equilibrium may be a reaction that happens once the speed of the forward reaction equals the speed of the reverse reaction. It's a state where each reactant and also the product are present during a concentration that does not tend to alter, thus there's no evident modification within the properties of the system. One example of chemical equilibrium may be a fizzy cold drink, where the carbon-di-oxide is dissolved within the liquid in the bottle.
3. What are the different methods to calculate the concentration of a solution?
Concentration of a solution is the amount of the solute present in a solution. The parameters that describe concentration are mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, volume concentration, etc. In molar concentration, the molarity explains to us the quantity of moles of solute in precisely one litre of a solution, whereas molality tells us the quantity of moles of solute dissolved in precisely one kg of solvent.
We will take into account percent by mass (or weight percent) in two ways: The components (parts) of solute per 100 parts of solution or the fraction of a matter in a solution increased by one hundred.
