Hypophosphorous Acid Formula

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Hypophosphorous Acid

Hypophosphorous acid (HPA) also known as phosphonic acid is a phosphorous oxoacid and also acts as a good reducing agent. It is basically a colourless aqueous solution that is soluble in water, dioxin as well as in alcohol. The hypophosphorous acid formula which is the same for phosphinic acid formula is H₃PO₂ is a neutral molecule with no spare charge on it. Thus the oxidation number of the central atom phosphorus is +1 which can be described as follows.

As the whole charge on the H₃PO₂ molecule is zero. Charge on a single hydrogen atom is one and there are three atoms present in the molecules that make it 3. Similarly, the valency of a single oxygen atom is (-2) and there are 2 oxygen atoms present in the molecule. Thus the formula would be considering the oxidation state of the phosphorus atom as unknown as therefore represented as X.

1x31x3 + X +(−2)x2 (−2)x2 = 3 - 4 + X = -1 + X or, X = 1.

Hypophosphorous acid formula or phosphinic acid formula that has a more precise and descriptive presentation as HOP(O)H₂ which is the actual hypophosphorous acid chemical formula that actually represents the monoprotic characteristics by the later molecular formula.

HOP(O)H₂ is in equilibrium with the minor structural formula of hypophosphorous acid that is interconvertible like HP(OH)₂. The minor tautomers are referred to as hypophosphorous acid and the major monomers are called phosphinic acid.

The Structural Formula For Hypophosphorous Acid

The structural phosphinic acid formula that is also referred to as the structural representation of the chemical formula of hypophosphoric acid is pseudo tetrahedral in nature as illustrated below with 2D and 3D models.

According to the chemical formula of Hypophosphorous acid, it is an oxoacid that has pentavalent phosphorus that is covalently bonded with the two hydrogen atoms, one hydroxyl atom, and with an oxygen atom via a double bond that is present in the H₃PO₂. Phosphinic acids are the parent of the hypophosphorous acid and are conjugate acids of phosphinate.

Properties and Uses

Uses of Hypophosphorous Acid

1. It is used as a salt (sodium hypophosphite) in industries for electroless nickel plating

2. H₃PO₂  is used to reduce arene diazonium salt in organic solvents from ArN2+ to Ar-H. when diazotization is carried out with concentrated H₃PO₂ amine substitutes are removed from arenes.

3. It is used for the synthesis of phosphinic derivatives

4. Because of its mild reducing agent property, it is used in Fischer’s esterification reactions.

Hypophosphoric Acid Formula

Hypophosphoric acid is a mineral acid where the central atom phosphorus shows a +4 oxidation state. The chemical formula of hypophosphoric acid is H₄O₂P₆. In a solid state, the hypophosphoric acid is present in the form of anhydride and the molecular representation hypophosphoric acid formula for the solid-state is H₄O₂P₆・H₂O. The acid is synthesised by reacting red phosphorus with sodium chlorite at room temperature. In the hypophosphoric acid formula both the phosphorus atoms are alike and they make direct bonds with each other (P-P). but is phosphoric acid that is an isomeric form of hypophosphoric acid do not have alike phosphorus atom where one phosphorus is directly attached to a hydrogen atom and exhibit a +3 oxidation state while the other phosphorus atom is attached with an oxygen atom that forms a bridge between the phosphorus atoms like (P-O-P) and has a +5 oxidation state.

The Structural Formula For Hypophosphoric Acid

The structural molecular formula of hypophosphoric acid is given below in 2D and 3D structures.

Hypophosphoric acid possesses oxonium that can be represented as [H₃O]+[ H₄O₂P₆]2- that has an isostructural representation with its diammonium salt that consists of [HOPO₂PO₂OH] which is an anion with P-P bond length equals 219 pm. It has a staggering structure that is very similar to the molecular structure of methane. Each phosphorus atom attached to the oxygen shares a bond length of P-O equals 151 pm and the P-OH bond equals 159 pm.

Properties and Uses

 Uses of Hypophosphoric Acid are:

1. It is used as a bleaching agent as well as a very good reducing agent

2. In industries, it is mostly used as a wetting agent

3. In most pharmaceutical agents it is applied as stimulants.

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