CML Full Form in Medical
CML full form in medical is Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Chronic myeloid leukaemia is another name for it. It is a blood and bone marrow cancer. It causes the bone marrow to produce an abnormally large number of myeloid (immature white blood cells), also known as blasts or leukemic blasts. These cells clog the bone marrow, interfering with normal blood cell production.
CML advances more slowly than other types of leukaemia. In some cases, it can develop into rapidly growing (acute) leukaemia. It starts with myeloid cells, then spreads to the blood and other parts of the body. CML is more common in men than in women, and the risk increases with age.
In this article, we are going to discuss CML full form in medical and what CML stands for.
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Symptoms
Weight loss
Pale skin
Tiredness and looking pale
Low appetite
Headaches
Sweating at night
Joint or bone pain
Swollen lymph glands
Causes
It occurs as a result of some unfavourable changes in myeloblast genes, i.e. an abnormal chromosome in bone marrow cells (myeloblasts) known as the Philadelphia chromosome. It is unclear what is causing this shift. However, there are some factors that may increase the likelihood of developing CML, such as:
Radiation
Low immunity
Pesticides
Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease
Chemical Benzene
Obesity
Histopathologic findings in peripheral blood and Philadelphia chromosomes in bone marrow cells are used to make the diagnosis.
CML is Divided into Three Phases/Stages:
Chronic Phase: During this stage, patients have a low percentage of immature white blood cells (myeloblasts) in their bone marrow or blood (less than 10%). They have mild symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and a swollen tummy. During this stage, patients respond favourably to standard treatments.
Accelerated Phase: Symptoms are more visible in this stage, and patients have more than 10% but less than 20% myeloblasts in their bone marrow or blood. The number of blood basophils increases, reaching more than 20% of total white blood cells.
Blast Phase: Also known as the acute phase, blast crisis, and blast transformation. The leukaemia transforms into acute leukaemia during this stage. In most cases, the patients' bone marrow or blood contains more than 20% myeloblasts. After affecting the bone marrow, it has the potential to spread to other parts of the body.
An Abnormal Chromosome Develops
Human cells typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes. These chromosomes contain the DNA that contains the instructions (genes) that control your body's cells. Chromosomes in blood cells swap sections with each other in people with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. A chromosome 9 section swaps places with a chromosome 22 section, resulting in an extra-short chromosome 22 and an extra-long chromosome 9.
The extra-short chromosome 22 is known as the Philadelphia chromosome, after the city in which it was discovered. The Philadelphia chromosome is found in 90 percent of people with chronic myelogenous leukaemia’s blood cells.
The Abnormal Chromosome Creates a New Gene
A new gene is created by the Philadelphia chromosome. Genes from chromosome 9 combine with genes from chromosome 22 to form the BCR-ABL gene. The BCR-ABL gene contains instructions that instruct the abnormal blood cell to produce an excessive amount of a protein known as tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase promotes cancer by allowing specific blood cells to proliferate uncontrollably.
The New Gene Allows Too Many Diseased Blood Cells
The bone marrow, a spongy material inside your bones, is where your blood cells are made. When your bone marrow is healthy, it produces immature cells (blood stem cells) in a controlled manner. These cells then mature and specialise into the various types of blood cells that circulate throughout your body, including red cells, white cells, and platelets.
This process is disrupted in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. The BCR-ABL gene's tyrosine kinase promotes the growth of an abnormally large number of white blood cells. The Philadelphia chromosome is present in the majority of all of these cells. The diseased white blood cells do not grow and die in the same way that normal cells do. The diseased white blood cells proliferate in large numbers, crowding out healthy blood cells and causing bone marrow damage.
Risk Factors
Factors that increase the risk of chronic myelogenous leukaemia:
Older age
Being male
Radiation exposure, such as radiation therapy for certain types of cancer
Family History is Not a Risk Factor
The mutation that causes chronic myelogenous leukaemia is not passed down from generation to generation. This mutation is thought to be acquired, which means it appears after birth.
FAQs on CML Full Form
Question 1) What is CML Full Form in Medical? Is CML Leukaemia’s is Fatal?
Answer) CML full form in medical is Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Historically, the median survival time for CML patients was 3-5 years after diagnosis. Patients with CML currently have a 5-year median survival. From 31 percent in the early 1990s to 70.6 percent for patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2017, the 5-year survival rate has more than doubled.
Question 2) Is CML Life-threatening?
Answer) CML has been transformed from a life-threatening disease to a manageable chronic condition for the vast majority of patients since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in 2001. People with CML are living longer lives and experiencing fewer side effects from treatment.
Question 3) Can Bone Marrow Transplant Cure CML? Can CML Spread to Other Organs?
Answer) The procedure, also known as a bone marrow transplant, is usually an option for people up to the age of 75 who are otherwise healthy. The only treatment that can cure CML is a stem cell transplant, but it comes with risks and serious side effects.
Being classified as chronic usually means that the leukaemia spreads and grows slowly. CML, on the other hand, can progress slowly to a rapidly growing, acute form of leukaemia that can spread to almost any organ in the body.
