ENIAC Full Form

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ENIAC is an acronym or full form ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. It is thought to be the world's first operational electronic digital computer, developed by Army Ordnance in the United States to calculate ballistic firing tables to aid US troops during World War II. These firing tables allowed the army to predict where a shell would land. It enabled troops to hit their targets with greater precision or to avoid incoming shells.

It was the world's first general-purpose electronic computer, designed to be a modular computer comprised of separate panels that perform separate functions and run solely on electronic components, with no mechanical parts to slow it down.

Full Form - ENIAC

ENIAC was massive. It occupied the Moore School's 50-by-30-foot (15-by-9-metre) basement, where its 40 panels were arranged in a U shape along three walls. Each panel was approximately 2 feet wide, 2 feet deep, and 8 feet tall (0.6 metres by 0.6 metres by 2.4 metres). It was easily the most complex electronic system ever built, with over 17,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 6,000 switches, and 1,500 relays. ENIAC computer weighed around 30 tonnes and covered an area of 1800 square feet.

ENIAC ran continuously (in part to extend tube life), producing 174 kilowatts of heat and necessitating its own air conditioning system. It was capable of performing up to 5,000 additions per second, which was several orders of magnitude faster than its electromechanical predecessors. It and subsequent computers that used vacuum tubes are referred to as first-generation computers. (With 1,500 mechanical relays, ENIAC was still a precursor to later, all-electric computers.)

The Main Components of the ENIAC Include:

• 18,000 vacuum tubes

• 15,00 relays

• Resistors

• Capacitors

• Inductors

It also had 20 single-number accumulators as primary functional units, as well as special units for division, multiplication, and square roots. As a result, it was not only useful for military purposes, but also for weather prediction, atomic-energy calculations, thermal ignition, cosmic-ray studies, wind tunnel design, and so on. It later became obsolete as the need for faster computing speeds increased over time.

ENIAC Computer Full Form

Let's talk about the full meaning of ENIAC. ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. ENIAC is thought to be the world's first operational electronic digital computer, developed by Army Ordnance in the United States during World War II to compute ballistic firing tables. These firing tables allowed the US army to predict where a shell would land. It also aids troops in avoiding incoming shells and hitting their targets more precisely.

It was the world's first general-purpose electronic computer, designed to be a modular computer with separate panels performing separate functions and running solely on electronic components with no mechanical parts to slow it down.

ENIAC weighed around 30 tonnes and covered an area of 1800 square feet. 18,000 vacuum tubes, 1,500 relays, capacitors, resistors, and inductors are among the main components of the ENIAC. ENIAC also had twenty single-number accumulators as primary functional units, as well as special units for multiplication, division, and square roots.

As a result, it was not only useful for military purposes, but also for atomic-energy calculations, weather prediction, cosmic-ray studies, thermal ignition, wind tunnel design, and so on. It later became obsolete and outdated as the need for faster computing speeds grew over time.

Development and Design

The United States Army, Ordnance Corps, Research and Development Command, led by Major General Gladeon M. Barnes, funded the design and construction of ENIAC. The total cost was approximately $487,000, which equates to $5,870,000 in 2019. The construction contract was signed on June 5, 1943, and work on the computer began in secret the following month at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering under the code name "Project PX," with John Grist Brainerd as principal investigator. Herman H. Goldstine persuaded the Army to fund the project, putting him in charge of overseeing it on their behalf.

ENIAC was created by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. Robert F. Shaw (function tables), Jeffrey Chuan Chu (divider/square-rooter), Thomas Kite Sharpless (master programmer), Frank Mural (master programmer), Arthur Burks (multiplier), Harry Huskey (reader/printer), and Jack Davis were among the design engineers who assisted with the development (accumulators). Jean Jennings, Marlyn Wescoff, Ruth Lichterman, Betty Snyder, Frances Bilas, and Kay McNulty were among the ENIAC women programmers who contributed significantly to its development. The researchers left the University of Pennsylvania in 1946 to found the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation.

ENIAC was a large, modular computer made up of individual panels that performed various functions. Twenty of these modules were accumulators, which could not only add and subtract but also store a ten-digit decimal number. Several general-purpose buses were used to transport these units, and numbers were exchanged between them (or trays, as they were called). The panels had to send and receive numbers, compute, save the answer, and trigger the next operation without any moving parts in order to achieve their high speed. The ability to branch was critical to its versatility; it could trigger different operations depending on the sign of a computed result.