SMPS - Explanations, Full Form, Types, Circuit, Facts and FAQs
If you are wondering what the full form of SMPS is, let us tell you that SMPS stands for switch mode power supply. As the name suggests, SMPS serves as an electronic power supplier. SMPS ensures a relentless supply of stable current regardless of fluctuations in the power input. This highly functional tool is extensively used in almost all industrial and personal setups. Despite its obscure history, SMPS has rapidly advanced in terms of circuit and efficiency.
Here, we shall address questions about SMPS full form in electrical engineering, what is SMPS, along with several other fundamentals of SMPS. We have provided a list of frequently asked questions on SMPS or switch mode power supply to further assist you in understanding the concepts.
What is SMPS?
The switch-mode power supply is what SMPS stands for. As an electrical model, SMPS is used for changing forms of electrical current or voltage without any major loss of energy. It makes use of a switch as a regulator for conversion of voltage, i.e. electrical power, into an index that is suitable to be used by a computer. In simple words, SMPS functions as a power supply unit or PSU which converts alternating current into direct current efficiently without causing energy losses.
SMPS is The Full Form in Computer or Electrical Engineering and Why is SMPS used in The Computer?
SMPS's full form in computer or electrical engineering is a switch-mode power supply. It is highly functional in reducing energy losses during device usage. As stated earlier, it effectively regulates the voltage or electric charge to ensure that the computer or electronic device gets a sturdy supply of current despite the energy input fluctuations or variations.. It is this advanced power efficiency that makes it the most suitable power supply unit today. It is lighter and smaller in size and creates minimal noise, which is a boon to the system.
Types of SMPS converters
SMPS has several types of forms. However, based on circuit typology, SMPS can be divided into two types, namely isolated converters and non-isolated converters. The difference between both of them lies in the line of electrical current. Let us look into both these types in a little detail:
Isolated Converter: It has a fly back converter as the circuit typology, where the input and the output units are not directly connected. Here, the electric supply unit is segregated from the rest of the unit through the usage of an isolation transformer.
Non-Isolated Converter: A non-isolated converter has a buck converter topology. Here, the input and output units are connected through a direct current supply line.
An isolated converter protects the output current from having AC, and that is why SMPS is used in computers, preferably.
Circuit of SMPS
The central circuit is a voltage regulator loop and has the following components:
LPU
EMI Filter
Input rectifier and filter
Inverter for power conversion
Output rectifier and filter
Pulse-Width Modulation oscillator
The Secondary Circuit of SMPS or Switch Mode Power Supply consists of the following:
Input under-voltage and over-voltage protection unit
Filter for power factor correction or PFC
Output over-voltage protection
Short circuit protection
Output overcurrent protection circuit
Output short circuit protection circuit
With so many components, the circuit of SPMS models becomes complex. Therefore extreme care must be taken while assembling the units to facilitate a controlled suppression during the switching of currents. Despite this, SMPS is used for power supply by most people.
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Fun Facts
Today, general models of SMPS like 350W 3x5" power supply with a power density of 23 W/In2 are found to be at least ten folds more efficient and more powerful than the initial versions. However, despite such exponential growth in technology, the price has not risen much. One must be grateful to the commercialisation of technology along with globalisation that has facilitated the growth of surplus production via the Asian countries.
FAQs on SMPS Full Form
1. What is the full form of SMPS? How does it work?
Switch-mode power supply is SMPS full form. The operation stages of SMPS can be reduced to 5 major steps or processes. These are:
Stage 1: At first, the alternating current travels through the input rectifier. The current then goes through the process of filtration so that a direct current can be produced.
Stage 2: Now, a switch of high frequency processes the direct current. This creates a direct current signal that has a high pulsating frequency.
Stage 3: Now, the direct current with a high voltage is reduced to the appropriate level. In other words, the current is stepped down in a power transformer.
Stage 4: At the fourth stage, the direct current goes through the output rectifier and filter. This is done to get a sturdy supply of output.
Stage 5: The control unit of the circuit now constantly monitors and regulates the power output to make adjustments in the switch.
2. What is the relevance and function of SMPS in the contemporary world? Why is SMPS used in computers?
The main function of SMPS is to ensure a stable supply of current to any device or unit. It is highly relevant in the contemporary world and used in several devices such as CCTVS, computers, security systems, railway systems, chargers, and various other electric machines. Its relevance lies in its cost-efficient functioning, which helps in energy conservation too.
SMPS is widely used in a computer owing to several advantages such as:
Reliability: The complex structure of SMPS ensures a reliable flow of stable direct current irrespective of the voltage of the electric current.
Power saving: The SPMS model saves a lot of power owing to the use of a switch for the regulation of current. This also makes it cost-efficient.
Smaller size and lightweight: The circuit of the SMPS is complex yet light in weight. The compactness of the unit makes it easier to install and handle.