STP Full Form

STP stands for sewage treatment plant which is often called wastewater treatment plant nowadays. It is generally a plant setup that is equipped for wastewater management, that is, it receives all the wastewater from domestic, commercial, or industrial sites and then makes them undergo several treatment processes with specialty chemicals in order to remove the waste that is hazardous in nature and deteriorate the water condition below the usable limit, affects the health of living organism and if lown into water bodies or land it may lead to the death of marine lives as well as make the land barren and non-suitable for irrigation. Large industries generate tons of solid and liquid waste among which it is easy to remove a few solid wastes by physical methods but the chemical and especially the biological wastes are hard to remove from the wastewater. Thus there is a huge requirement of STP (stands for sewage treatment plan)

Working of STP

The main goal of the sewage treatment plant which is the full form of STP is to deliver more cleaner and environmental friendly effluent that causes less damage or no damage to the land and water bodies in which they are drained or to make it reusable in the industry so that the filtered water can be recirculated in the main processing systems and becomes more energy-efficient and can achieve a zero-liquid discharge aim. Thus essentially the sewage treatment plant (STP full form) operates by circulating a huge amount of air that backs the growth of bacteria that breaks the sewage into simpler and eco-friendly forms. A typical STP is made up of a one-piece vessel that performs three different functions. It acts as a settlement tank, a typical biozone chamber, and a humus tank. Its functioning is very similar to that of a standard septic tank but there are some key differences. The sewage treatment plant, that is, the full form of STP, depending on its size can treat a large number of domestic dwellings and wastes of commercial properties. 

1. Sewage settlement tanks: this is just like any other septic plant which separates the solid and liquid wastes and sends the liquid waste into the biozone chamber. In the sewage settlement tank, the solid and liquid wastes are fed into the sewage treatment plant together and from here the liquid waste is separated from the solid waste and the separated liquid is passed into the biozone chamber. In a sewage settlement tank, a pump is used to aerate a large volume of air which supports the growth of bacteria within the waste that breaks and digests the organic wastes in order to biologically purify it.

2. Biozone chamber: a biozone chamber is conditioned in such a manner that it becomes the breeding ground of good bacterias. The good bacteria that generates within the biozone populates really fast because of the suitable condition created in this chamber. Thus a large amount of organic waste is broken down from the liquor in order to get more purified water at a high level before it is drained or recycled for further use.

3. Humus chamber: it is the final chamber of the sewage discharge plant (STP full form) where the final liquor with the remaining solid waste enters. It is specially designed in order to remove the solid waste if any from the liquor before it is drained out. Thus it is a still chamber that does not move and has slanted walls that allow the solid to percolate to the end of the walls and get stagnant there. In this steady process, the remaining solid wastes are accumulated at the end of the tank.

(image will be uploaded soon)

Steps Involved in STP Functioning

Though the sewage treatment process is quite simple, even then these three steps and their sequence are very important to follow in order to have cleaner and complete waste-free water.

1. Sedimentation: the goal of the process is to simply isolate the solid waste from the liquid waste so that only the waste liquor is left to be transferred to the next segment of waste treatment. Here the solids are allowed to settle down in the liquor so that only the liquid wastes are floating on top and the solid has settled at the bottom. Then the solid waste is separated out with the help of the clarifiers and the liquid waste is sent to the next chamber for processing.

2. Aeration: the wastewater or the sewage that is generated has a very high demand for BOD, that is, the biological demand for oxygen. Thus, in this chamber, a huge amount of oxygen is generated by aerating the air so that it quickly mixes with the wastewater in order to complete its demand for BOD. This makes the sewage water treatment rapid and effective.

3. Disinfection: depending on the kind of waste, its chemical composition, and its COD and BOD demand, the wastes are made to go through various treatment processes but the end process that is followed in every wastewater treatment is disinfection of the wastewater or the sewage. This process is done by chemical treatments of wastewater and some other physical and biological processes in order to remove the toxic elements from the water just to make it suitable for discharging into local areas or water bodies. 

Importance of STP

The most essential element for living is water and almost all the activities humans carry out for their survival involve water. One of the most important uses of water is for irrigation to grow crops and for drinking use. It also supports marine life. Thus in the time of drought or shortage of water in water bodies, these treated wastewater is treated in the wastewater treatment plants also known as a sewage treatment plant, the full form of STP, treats the water to make it suitable for irrigation as well as bring down the level of COD and BOD to permissible levels to make it suitable for drinking and also draining it out into the water bodies so that the marine lives are not disturbed. Many of the commercial wastewater from the industries are drained on the local lands and is consumed by animals and plants. These waste liquors that emerge from various industrial processes contain high levels of carcinogenic chemicals that can prove to be highly injurious to health. Thus the wastewater treatment plant, also an alternative to STP plant full form, removes these chemicals from the liquid waste before discharging into local land and water bodies. The STP stands for the sewage treatment plant, also treats the wastewater in such a manner to make it suitable for recycling into the processing system of the industry and thus helps many industries to reach zero-liquid discharge goal and produce fewer effluents, thus working towards a cleaner and greener environment.

Maintenance of STP

Maintenance of the sewage treatment plant is essential in order to make sure that the biological treatment process is running as per requirement and as designed and there is no malfunctioning with the anaerobic growth that leads to the formation of methane gas and toxic fumes.

Every day checks include: 

1. Checking the treatment units for their normal functioning and no alarm ids displayed.

2. Checking the flow of the sludge in the sludge return hose while the air blower is running.

3. Regularly checking for the smell in the units. If the unit is smelling, it indicates that the aeration is not proper and there is a change in the process to anaerobic.

Weekly checks include

1. Checking of the chlorine content in the effluent water regularly in case the chemical dosing unit is used to eradicate any chance of malfunctioning that lead to overdosing of chlorine in the effluent that the mentioned level.

2. Checking of the sludge content in the activation chamber in order to ensure that the mineral content of the sludge is within the permissible limit.

Monthly checks include

1. Check for no obstruction in the aeration piping as well as in the air distributors

2. Check for no obstruction in the overflow between the aeration chamber and the settling chamber

3. Check for no obstruction in overflow between the settling chamber and the disinfecting chamber

4. Checking the proper functioning of vacuum functioning

5. Checking for no obstruction in the venting line

6. Checking the tank’s internal and external surface and its coating to ensure no mark of corrosion. 

Yearly checking includes

1. Emptying and cleaning the units

2. Making sure that there is enough ventilation in the unit and proper airflow in case any person is going inside for fixing or checking the components of the unit they do not inhale any toxic gases. 

3. Making sure that the wastewater is led to a proper holding tank which is also known as hull tank or collecting tank while there is emptying and cleaning process of the units is done.

4. Perform the maintenance of all the components of the unit as per the instructions provided in the manual guide of the units and the components of the units. 

Advantages and Disadvantages of STP

The advantages of the STP tank are:-

1. Reliable and do not encounter any problems with just easy regular maintenance.

2. Can be installed in even, compact or challenging sites with ease. It has a flexible installation property.

3. Cost-effective as it has only a one-time payment requirement in respect of installation. After that power and minimal maintenance, charges need to be taken care of.

The disadvantages of the STP tank are:-

1. The plant needs a constant supply of electricity to run as there is no scope for manual functioning.

2. In unlikely events of problems along with the yearly or monthly maintenance of the units need skilled professionals.

3. Both the design and the installation have to be done under professional supervision.

STP Full Form in Computer and Networking

The STP’ full form in networking and in computers stands for spanning tree protocol which is basically a two-layer protocol that runs solely on switches and bridges. STP specification for the network is IEEE.802.1D. While having a redundant path in the network, STP makes sure that no loops are created within the network as loops are proven to be deadly for any network. There is no specific requirement to run this document.

Components Used

As the principle of the spanning tree requires all the documents present to be applicable to all the devices that are supported by STP, thus, this document uses Cisco Catalyst 5500/5000 switches. The document mostly uses a console cable that is suitable for the supervisor engine built inside the switch and six catalysts 5509 switches. Most of the documents on STP apply to Catalyst 2926G, 2948G, 2980G, 4500/4000, 5500/5000, 6500/6000 switches that support the running of Catalyst OS. to elaborate the concept here is a diagram of a particular document using a particular STP network.

(image will be uploaded soon)

Concept

STP is a two-layer protocol that runs on bridges and switches that compliments 802.1D. There are many types of STP but 802.1D is most widely used and is highly implemented with most of the devices. STP is implemented on bridges and switches in order to avoid any loops in the network. This STP is specifically designed to avoid the formation of loops when following redundant links as these are very important for the backups in case of a network failure. Any failure of the primary activates the backup links so that no data is lost and the network can be used as before. Without the installation of the STP on such switches and bridges such failure results in the formation of loops.