Question

Excretory organ of balanoglossus is
A. Malpighian tubules
B. Flame cells
C. Nephridia
D. Proboscis gland

Answer 1

Hint: Balanoglossus belongs to the class Enteropneusta, phylum Hemichordata. These are marine animals that are common in all the seas of the world. These organs are considered glomerulus because they resemble the glomeruli of a kidney of vertebrates.

Complete answer:
Malpighian tubules- The Malpighian tubule is a type of excretory and osmotic control system found in some insects, millipedes, and arachnids. The system is made up of branched tubules that exit the digestive tract and absorb solutes, water, and waste products from the surrounding hemolymph. Then waste products are excreted from the body in the form of solid nitrogen compounds and calcium oxalate. The system is named after the seventeenth-century anatomist Marcello Malpighi.
Flame cells- flame cells are special types of cells for excretion found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms, rotifers, and in some other organisms that are not found in marine environments. These are the simplest animals with a special excretory system. Flame cells act as kidneys and remove waste products. The collection of flame cells is called protonephridia.
Nephridia- Nephridium is an excretory tubule that opens to the outside with the help of the nephridiopore and the inner tubule is associated with terminal cells called solenocytes. The nephridium is found in invertebrates and performs the function of vertebrates.
Proboscis gland- In balanoglossus, the excretory organ is the glomerulus or proboscis, which is located in front of the central sinus and protrudes throughout the proboscis coelom. The coelomic mass of the protrusion of the stem complex is considered a secretory organ. These organs are considered glomerulus because they resemble the glomeruli of a kidney of vertebrates. The glomeruli are located on either side of the bladder and form the bladder and central sinus.

So, the correct option is (D).

Note:
The glomerular cavity is filled with blood, which merges with the blood of the central sinus. The glomerular layer is made up of secretory cells called renal cells. In addition to the glomeruli, certain cells in the abdominal proboscis, connective tissue, collar and proboscis cartilage are considered secrets. These secretory cells are called paranephrocytes cells.