Question

Identify the correct combination of crop-variety and insect pests.
A. Brassica Pusa -A4 Aphids
B. Brassica Pusa - sem 3 Jassids
C. Flat beam Pusa Gaurav - Fruit borer
D. Okra Pusa sawani shoot - Fruit borer

Answer 1

Hint:-Purposeful manipulation of plant species to produce desirable varieties of plants is called plant breeding. Classical plant breeding requires pure line crossing, followed by artificial selection to produce plants with suitable characteristics.

Complete Answer:-
In different crop varieties or wild relatives, small numbers of disease resistance genes are present and identified. This acts as a constraint to the traditional breeding for disease-resistant varieties. Therefore, mutants are incorporated in plants, accompanied by resistance screening of plant materials. This also contributes to finding beneficial genes. Plants thus identified with this trait are either directly multiplied or used in breeding. These plants are self-pollinated for many generations till they reach homozygosity.
Some released crop varieties bred by hybridisation and selection, for insect pest resistance are given below in the table:

Crop	Variety	Insect pests
Brassica	Pusa Gaurav	Aphids
Flat bean	Pusa Sem 2, Pusa Sem 3	Aphids and jassids
Okra	Pusa Sawani, Pusa A-4	Shoot and fruit borer

Thus, the right option is D.

Note:- Changes in the base sequence inside genes contribute to a new trait emerging. This modification is considered a mutation. Mutation can be artificially induced in any organism by the application of chemicals or radiation. In mung beans, mutations have caused resistance to the yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew. Resistance to the yellow mosaic virus was passed from wild plants to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus; common name is ladyfinger) resulted in a new variety of okra named Parbhani Kranti.