Question

How long did it take to form the sun?

Answer 1

Hint: In this question, we will first see how the sun is formed, so this will help us to get the answer to our question. Also, we will see the basic structure of the sun. With the help of a labeled diagram we will study about each part of the sun, for our better understanding.

Complete answer:
As we know that stars form out of disks of mainly hydrogen and helium, this starts to collapse under the force of gravity.

Now, when the proto-star forms, the proto-star takes millions of years for the core temperature and pressure to increase to the point to start Hydrogen fusion.

So, we can say that the process of reaching the temperature and pressure to the point where Hydrogen fusion can start, takes about 50 million years for stars like our Sun to form.

Therefore, we get our answer i.e., it takes about 50 million years to form the sun.

Additional information:
As we know that the sun is actually a giant ball of gas and plasma that gets hotter and denser as we go from the outer rim to the centre. Now, we know that the temperatures run from 5780K on the outer visible layer which is called the photosphere, to about 15 million Kelvin in the middle of the sun. The structure of the sun is shown in the diagram below:

The Core: Here, the core of the sun is called the real powerhouse. It has a temperature at 15 million Kelvin and a density of about $160,000kg/{m^3}$. Core is the place where the nuclear fusion takes place.
The Radiative Zone: Now, we know about the radiative zone, it can be found between the core and the convective zone.
The Convection Zone: Now, the convection zone is a big mass of material through which the radiation cannot pass as the temperature is too low. In this zone, the energy that is pouring from the radiative zone gets trapped and cannot escape, so this big convection currents are set up with hot matter rising and the cooler matter sinking.
The Photosphere: the Sunlight as we know already that it is the visible white light. This light is emitted from the photosphere.
The Chromosphere: Now, as we know that the chromosphere is 2000-3000 km thick and the temperature rises from around 6,000K to 20,000K. These high temperatures result in hydrogen emitting a reddish light
The corona: The last part we are going to see is the corona; it can exhibit coronal holes that can be easily seen in the spectacular X-ray image of the sun.

Note:
We should remember that the sun is the largest natural producer of heat and energy. Also, we know that the radiative zone extends to about $70\% $ of the sun's radius. Also, the photosphere in the sun is one of the coolest regions.