Answer
Verified
453.3k+ views
Hint: Bandwidth is the difference in the half power frequencies. To obtain an expression for bandwidth, find the values of the half power frequencies. Find the current when the power is half of the maximum in terms of the maximum current. Use $V={{i}_{\max }}R$ and ${{Z}^{2}}={{R}^{2}}+{{\left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)}^{2}}$.
Formula used:
$V={{i}_{\max }}R$
${{Z}^{2}}={{R}^{2}}+{{\left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)}^{2}}$
Complete answer:
Half power points frequencies for a given LCR are the frequencies for which the power in the circuit is half of the maximum power in the circuit.
The current in the circuit at maximum power is also maximum. Let it be ${{i}_{max}}$.
Maximum current is obtained at resonance. At resonance, the frequency of the circuit is called resonance frequency (${{f}_{0}}$).
Every circuit has two half power frequencies ${{f}_{1}}$ and ${{f}_{2}}$.
The impedance of the circuit is Z=R.
Therefore, at resonance$V={{i}_{\max }}R$.
$\Rightarrow {{i}_{\max }}=\dfrac{V}{R}$ …. (i).
And the power is ${{P}_{max}}=i_{\max }^{2}R$
At the half frequencies, power of the circuit is $P=\dfrac{{{P}_{max}}}{2}=\dfrac{i_{\max }^{2}R}{2}={{\left( \dfrac{{{i}_{\max }}}{\sqrt{2}} \right)}^{2}}R$.
This means that the current in the circuit at half power frequencies is $\dfrac{{{i}_{\max }}}{\sqrt{2}}$.
Then, $V=\dfrac{{{i}_{\max }}}{\sqrt{2}}Z$.
Substitute the value of ${{i}_{max}}$ from (i).
$\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{\left( \dfrac{V}{R} \right)}{\sqrt{2}}Z$
$\Rightarrow \sqrt{2}R=Z$
$\Rightarrow 2{{R}^{2}}={{Z}^{2}}$
But, ${{Z}^{2}}={{R}^{2}}+{{\left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)}^{2}}$
Therefore,
$\Rightarrow 2{{R}^{2}}={{R}^{2}}+{{\left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)}^{2}}$
$\Rightarrow {{R}^{2}}={{\left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)}^{2}}$
$\Rightarrow R=\pm \left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)$
This proves that there are two values of half power frequencies.
Therefore,
$R=2\pi {{f}_{1}}L-\dfrac{1}{2\pi {{f}_{1}}C}$ or $R=\dfrac{1}{2\pi {{f}_{2}}C}-2\pi {{f}_{2}}L$.
$\Rightarrow R=\dfrac{4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{1}^{2}LC-1}{2\pi {{f}_{1}}C}$
$\Rightarrow 2\pi {{f}_{1}}CR=4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{1}^{2}LC-1$ ….. (iii).
And
$\Rightarrow R=\dfrac{1-4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{2}^{2}LC}{2\pi {{f}_{2}}C}$
$\Rightarrow 2\pi {{f}_{2}}CR=1-4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{2}^{2}LC$ ….. (iv).
Add (iii) and (iv).
$\Rightarrow 2\pi {{f}_{1}}CR+2\pi {{f}_{2}}CR=4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{1}^{2}LC-1+1-4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{2}^{2}LC$
$\Rightarrow \left( {{f}_{1}}+{{f}_{2}} \right)R=2\pi \left( f_{1}^{2}-f_{2}^{2} \right)L$
$\Rightarrow \left( {{f}_{1}}+{{f}_{2}} \right)R=2\pi \left( {{f}_{1}}+{{f}_{2}} \right)\left( {{f}_{1}}-{{f}_{2}} \right)L$
$\Rightarrow \left( {{f}_{1}}-{{f}_{2}} \right)=\dfrac{R}{2\pi L}$.
The difference in the half power frequencies i.e. $\left( {{f}_{1}}-{{f}_{2}} \right)$, is called bandwidth.
Therefore, we found an expression for the bandwidth.
The curve of alternating current with respect to the frequency of the source is shown below.
Note:
The value of bandwidth can also be found if we know the expression for the quality factor (Q) of a given circuit. The quality factor is defined as $Q=\dfrac{{{f}_{0}}}{BW}$, ${{f}_{0}}$ is the resonance frequency of the LCR circuit and BW is the bandwidth of the circuit.
The quality factor is also given as $Q=\dfrac{2\pi {{f}_{0}}L}{R}$.
$\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{{{f}_{0}}}{BW}=\dfrac{2\pi {{f}_{0}}L}{R}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{BW}=\dfrac{2\pi L}{R}$
$\Rightarrow BW=\dfrac{R}{2\pi L}$.
Formula used:
$V={{i}_{\max }}R$
${{Z}^{2}}={{R}^{2}}+{{\left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)}^{2}}$
Complete answer:
Half power points frequencies for a given LCR are the frequencies for which the power in the circuit is half of the maximum power in the circuit.
The current in the circuit at maximum power is also maximum. Let it be ${{i}_{max}}$.
Maximum current is obtained at resonance. At resonance, the frequency of the circuit is called resonance frequency (${{f}_{0}}$).
Every circuit has two half power frequencies ${{f}_{1}}$ and ${{f}_{2}}$.
The impedance of the circuit is Z=R.
Therefore, at resonance$V={{i}_{\max }}R$.
$\Rightarrow {{i}_{\max }}=\dfrac{V}{R}$ …. (i).
And the power is ${{P}_{max}}=i_{\max }^{2}R$
At the half frequencies, power of the circuit is $P=\dfrac{{{P}_{max}}}{2}=\dfrac{i_{\max }^{2}R}{2}={{\left( \dfrac{{{i}_{\max }}}{\sqrt{2}} \right)}^{2}}R$.
This means that the current in the circuit at half power frequencies is $\dfrac{{{i}_{\max }}}{\sqrt{2}}$.
Then, $V=\dfrac{{{i}_{\max }}}{\sqrt{2}}Z$.
Substitute the value of ${{i}_{max}}$ from (i).
$\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{\left( \dfrac{V}{R} \right)}{\sqrt{2}}Z$
$\Rightarrow \sqrt{2}R=Z$
$\Rightarrow 2{{R}^{2}}={{Z}^{2}}$
But, ${{Z}^{2}}={{R}^{2}}+{{\left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)}^{2}}$
Therefore,
$\Rightarrow 2{{R}^{2}}={{R}^{2}}+{{\left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)}^{2}}$
$\Rightarrow {{R}^{2}}={{\left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)}^{2}}$
$\Rightarrow R=\pm \left( 2\pi fL-\dfrac{1}{2\pi fC} \right)$
This proves that there are two values of half power frequencies.
Therefore,
$R=2\pi {{f}_{1}}L-\dfrac{1}{2\pi {{f}_{1}}C}$ or $R=\dfrac{1}{2\pi {{f}_{2}}C}-2\pi {{f}_{2}}L$.
$\Rightarrow R=\dfrac{4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{1}^{2}LC-1}{2\pi {{f}_{1}}C}$
$\Rightarrow 2\pi {{f}_{1}}CR=4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{1}^{2}LC-1$ ….. (iii).
And
$\Rightarrow R=\dfrac{1-4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{2}^{2}LC}{2\pi {{f}_{2}}C}$
$\Rightarrow 2\pi {{f}_{2}}CR=1-4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{2}^{2}LC$ ….. (iv).
Add (iii) and (iv).
$\Rightarrow 2\pi {{f}_{1}}CR+2\pi {{f}_{2}}CR=4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{1}^{2}LC-1+1-4{{\pi }^{2}}f_{2}^{2}LC$
$\Rightarrow \left( {{f}_{1}}+{{f}_{2}} \right)R=2\pi \left( f_{1}^{2}-f_{2}^{2} \right)L$
$\Rightarrow \left( {{f}_{1}}+{{f}_{2}} \right)R=2\pi \left( {{f}_{1}}+{{f}_{2}} \right)\left( {{f}_{1}}-{{f}_{2}} \right)L$
$\Rightarrow \left( {{f}_{1}}-{{f}_{2}} \right)=\dfrac{R}{2\pi L}$.
The difference in the half power frequencies i.e. $\left( {{f}_{1}}-{{f}_{2}} \right)$, is called bandwidth.
Therefore, we found an expression for the bandwidth.
The curve of alternating current with respect to the frequency of the source is shown below.
Note:
The value of bandwidth can also be found if we know the expression for the quality factor (Q) of a given circuit. The quality factor is defined as $Q=\dfrac{{{f}_{0}}}{BW}$, ${{f}_{0}}$ is the resonance frequency of the LCR circuit and BW is the bandwidth of the circuit.
The quality factor is also given as $Q=\dfrac{2\pi {{f}_{0}}L}{R}$.
$\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{{{f}_{0}}}{BW}=\dfrac{2\pi {{f}_{0}}L}{R}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{BW}=\dfrac{2\pi L}{R}$
$\Rightarrow BW=\dfrac{R}{2\pi L}$.
Recently Updated Pages
what is the correct chronological order of the following class 10 social science CBSE
Which of the following was not the actual cause for class 10 social science CBSE
Which of the following statements is not correct A class 10 social science CBSE
Which of the following leaders was not present in the class 10 social science CBSE
Garampani Sanctuary is located at A Diphu Assam B Gangtok class 10 social science CBSE
Which one of the following places is not covered by class 10 social science CBSE
Trending doubts
Which are the Top 10 Largest Countries of the World?
How do you graph the function fx 4x class 9 maths CBSE
Fill the blanks with the suitable prepositions 1 The class 9 english CBSE
The only snake that builds a nest is a Krait b King class 11 biology CBSE
The Equation xxx + 2 is Satisfied when x is Equal to Class 10 Maths
In Indian rupees 1 trillion is equal to how many c class 8 maths CBSE
Give 10 examples for herbs , shrubs , climbers , creepers
Why is there a time difference of about 5 hours between class 10 social science CBSE
Which places in India experience sunrise first and class 9 social science CBSE