Question

What is mixed cropping? What are the criteria for selecting crops for mixed cropping?

Answer 1

Hint: Farmers use several methods to increase the crop yield from their fields. Mixed cropping is one of such techniques in which two or more crops are grown together on the same piece of land at the same time.

Complete answer: Mixed cropping is also known as multi-cropping. Here, one crop is selected as the primary crop and others, secondary crops. This type of cropping technique gives several advantages to the farmers. The selection of crops for mixed cropping is based on the complementary needs for both of the crops. It means that the nutrient and mineral requirements for both of the crops are different. It also enables the effective utilization of the minerals present in the soil. Crop selection is also based on the complementary requirements of sunlight, water, fertilizers, etc. Some crops have the ability to resist harmful pests and weeds. Growing these crops along with the primary crop is done that helps in increased yields, reduced soil erosion, better adaptation to the environment, etc. In the process of mixed cropping, legumes are often mixed with cereals or tubers. Some legumes have nitrogen-fixing structures present in their roots called root nodules. It is formed by the symbiotic association between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the plant. Nitrogen fixation in the roots of these plants increases the nitrogen content in the soil which leads to an increase in the crop yield.

Note: Practice of mixed cropping enables the farmers to adjust the cropping schedule according to seasonal changes. If the rainy season comes too early, more water needing crops are planted along with the primary crops. The selection of crops is also based on the soil quality and fertility of the soil.