Question

Name the three states of matter. Give one example of each.

Answer 1

Hint: Matter is anything which occupies the space and has some mass in it. The matter is made up of elements. The elements have some specific chemical and physical properties. The smallest unit by which the matter is made up is called an atom. The atoms then combine to form a molecule and the molecules further combine to form a compound.

Complete Step by step answer: The matter is divided into further three states and that are the following:
Solid state: Solid is a state of matter which is formed by the atoms and molecules in such a way that the particles are held together tightly under constant conditions, thereby maintaining the shape and size. The characteristics of solid are :
-They have fixed shape.
-They have fixed volume.
-They have high density
-The force of attraction between the particles is very strong.
-They are incompressible.
-They are rigid.
There are different types of solid such as
(a)
Crystalline solids: it consists of atoms, molecules and ions which are arranged in a definite pattern and repeating the three dimensional pattern all around. They have a geometrical shape. They melt at a sharp temperature. They are anisotropic in nature.
The crystalline solids are further divided into following parts:
Molecular solids- they are made up of molecules. They are insulators in nature.
Ionic solids- they are made up of ions. The bonding between particles is electrostatic. They are insulators in solid state and conductor in molten state.
Metallic solids- they are made up of positive ions in a sea of delocalized electrons. The atoms are bonded with metallic bonds.
Network solids- they are made up of atoms and the bonding in them is covalent.
(b)Amorphous solid: they are irregular in shape. They do not have definite enthalpy of fusion.They are isotropic in nature. They are pseudo solids.
(b)
Liquid state: The characteristics of liquid sate are:
(i)They do not have fixed shape.
(ii)They have fixed volume.
(iii)The force of attraction between the molecules is not high.
(iv)They can be compressible.
(v)They are not rigid.
(c)
Gaseous state: The characteristic of gaseous state are:
(i) they do not have fixed shape
(ii) they do not have fixed volume.
(iii)they do not have high density.
(iv)The force of attraction between the particles is the least among all states.
(V) they can be compressed.

Note: There is one other state of matter also which is not common and it is plasma. Plasma is a superheated matter. It is so hot that the electrons are ripped away from the atom and form the ionized gas. The one man made state of matter is Bose Einstein condensates.