Question

National emergency can be declared by the President only
I) On grounds of war
II) On grounds of external aggression
III) On grounds internal disturbance
IV) On the written recommendation of the Union Cabinet
(A) I, II and III
(B) I, III and IV
(C) II, III and IV
(D) I, II, III and IV

Answer 1

Hint:
The President of India is elected by the elected members of the Houses of Parliament elected members of the Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha, Legislative Assembly, Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry. National emergency is a situation when there is threat to security of Indian or any territories.

Complete answer:
Article 352 of Indian Constitution states Proclamation of Emergency.
In this article, National Emergency imposed in the whole India or a part of territory.
Some examples of National Emergency- In 1962 war(China was) National emergency was declared in India, In 1971 war(Pakistan war) National emergency was declared in India, In 1975 due to internal disturbance declared by Indira Gandhi, National Emergency was declared.
National Emergency could be imposed on the basis of ‘external aggression ‘, ‘war’, ‘internal disturbance’ and the President can declare a National Emergency on the basis of a written request by the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister. Both houses of Parliament are involved in the decision through voting. According to Article 352 approval requires a majority by either house of Parliament; it should be two third of those present and voted.
Option(A): I, II and III- This situation includes: On grounds of war, On grounds of external aggression, On grounds internal disturbance which can impose National Emergency but this isn’t the all reasons to declare a National Emergency. Therefore Option(A) is incorrect.
Option(B): I, III and IV- This situation includes: On grounds of war, On grounds internal disturbance, On the written recommendation of the Union Cabinet which can impose National Emergency but this isn’t the all reasons to declare a National Emergency. Therefore Option(B) is incorrect.
Option(C): II, III and IV-This situation includes: On grounds of external aggression, On grounds internal disturbance, On the written recommendation of the Union Cabinet which can impose National Emergency but this isn’t the all reason to declare a National Emergency. Therefore Option(C) is incorrect.
Option(D): I, II, III and IV- This option includes all the situations of imposing a National Emergency in India: On grounds of war, On grounds of external aggression, On grounds internal disturbance, On the written recommendation of the Union Cabinet.

Therefore option(D) is correct.

Note:
Article 352 of Indian Constitution states Proclamation of Emergency. National Emergency could be imposed on the basis of ‘external aggression ‘, ‘war’, ‘internal disturbance’ and the President can declare a National Emergency on the basis of a written request by the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.