Answer
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Hint: The alkene can be converted into the ketone. The reaction of conversion involves two-step: Hydration followed by oxidation. The hydration involves the addition of water molecules across the double bond to form oxonium ions which on the attack with base converted into the corresponding secondary alcohol. On oxidation, secondary alcohol generated ketones.
Complete step by step answer:
Propene is converted into the corresponding ketone that is acetone (or propanone ). The reaction of the conversion of the alkene to the ketone involves two steps :
1) Hydration
2) Oxidation
Step 1) Hydration:
The first step involves the acid-catalyzed hydration of the alkene i.e.propene.it converts the alkene into corresponding alcohol. Here, propene on hydration forms isopropyl alcohol. This step itself comprises three sub-steps. Those are as follows:
a) This step involves the attack of the proton on the propene. The highly electronegative double bond attack on the hydrogen ion. The protonation of the alkene generates a carbocation at the carbon atom. Here, the p electrons (i.e. double-bonded electrons) acts as a Lewis base. They donate their electrons to the hydrogen ion.
b) The water molecule acts as a nucleophile and attacks on the electrophilic carbocation formed earlier. The nucleophilic attack results in the formation of oxonium ions.
c) In the next step, the oxonium ion is deprotonated by a base. The deprotonation results in the formation of alcohol and regenerates the acid catalyst.
The conversion of propene to isopropyl alcohol is as shown below,
Step 2) Oxidation:
In the second step, the isopropyl alcohol obtained is oxidized using a suitable oxidizing agent. Here, acidified potassium dichromate is used to convert the isopropyl alcohol to acetone. The reaction is as shown below,
Here, we have converted propene into acetone.
Note: Note that, instead of potassium dichromate in an acidic medium we can use Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) as the oxidizing agent.it is a milder version of the chromic acid. It converts primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohol to a ketone. Further oxidation to carboxylic acid is not feasible by PCC.
Complete step by step answer:
Propene is converted into the corresponding ketone that is acetone (or propanone ). The reaction of the conversion of the alkene to the ketone involves two steps :
1) Hydration
2) Oxidation
Step 1) Hydration:
The first step involves the acid-catalyzed hydration of the alkene i.e.propene.it converts the alkene into corresponding alcohol. Here, propene on hydration forms isopropyl alcohol. This step itself comprises three sub-steps. Those are as follows:
a) This step involves the attack of the proton on the propene. The highly electronegative double bond attack on the hydrogen ion. The protonation of the alkene generates a carbocation at the carbon atom. Here, the p electrons (i.e. double-bonded electrons) acts as a Lewis base. They donate their electrons to the hydrogen ion.
b) The water molecule acts as a nucleophile and attacks on the electrophilic carbocation formed earlier. The nucleophilic attack results in the formation of oxonium ions.
c) In the next step, the oxonium ion is deprotonated by a base. The deprotonation results in the formation of alcohol and regenerates the acid catalyst.
The conversion of propene to isopropyl alcohol is as shown below,
Step 2) Oxidation:
In the second step, the isopropyl alcohol obtained is oxidized using a suitable oxidizing agent. Here, acidified potassium dichromate is used to convert the isopropyl alcohol to acetone. The reaction is as shown below,
Here, we have converted propene into acetone.
Note: Note that, instead of potassium dichromate in an acidic medium we can use Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) as the oxidizing agent.it is a milder version of the chromic acid. It converts primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohol to a ketone. Further oxidation to carboxylic acid is not feasible by PCC.