Question

The molecular shape of $S{{F}_{4}}$, $C{{F}_{4}}$ and $Xe{{F}_{4}}$ are:
(A) the same, with 2, 0 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively.
(B) the same, with 1, 1 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively.
(C) different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively.
(D) different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively.

Answer 1

Hint: The number of lone pairs and the number of bond pairs determines the shape of the given molecule. We should find the number of lone pairs on the central atom and bond pairs to determine its shape.

Complete answer:
With help of VSEPR theory we can find the shape.
Postulates of VSEPR theory are:
-The spatial arrangement of the molecules depends upon the number of valence shell electron pairs around the central atom.
-The electron pair surrounding the central atom repels one another and moves apart from each other so that there is no further repulsion between them. As a result, the molecules have minimum energy and maximum stability.
-There are two types of electron pairs, one bond pairs and other lone pairs. The bond pairs of electrons are those shared between two atoms while the lone pair are the valence electron pairs that are not involved in bonding.
-Order of the repulsion between the electron pairs are: lp-lp >lp-bp>bp-bp where, lp is lone pair and bp is bond pair.
$S{{F}_{4}}$
The valence electron in sulphur is 6.
From the chemical formula, there are 4 fluorine atoms that are chemically bonded with sulphur. Therefore, the extra 2 electrons are lone pair electrons. Thus, $S{{F}_{4}}$has 1 lone pair.
It contains 1 lone pair and 4 bond pairs.

The shape is bipyramidal .
$C{{F}_{4}}$
The valence electrons is 4.
There are 4 fluorine atoms that make bonds with the valence electrons of carbon. Thus, has no lone pairs.
It contains 0 lone pairs and 4 bond pairs.

The shape is tetrahedral.
$Xe{{F}_{4}}$
The valence electrons of Xe is 8.
There are 4 fluorines that will be chemically bonded to Xe. Then are 4 remaining electrons. This means there are two lone pairs of electrons.
It has 2 lone pairs and 4 bond pairs.

The shape is square planar.

Thus from the above discussion we can conclude that option D is the correct answer.

Note:
Lewis dot structure is entirely based on octet rule and it failed to explain certain molecules such as${{H}_{2}}$,$C{{l}_{2}}$,$I{{F}_{3}}$,$PC{{l}_{5}}$,$S{{F}_{6}}$,$B{{F}_{3}}$,$BC{{l}_{3}}$,$Xe{{F}_{4}}$ etc. VSEPR theory based on the number electron pair around the central atom, repulsion between the electron bonds around the central atom and succeeded to explain all the molecules above mentioned that Lewis theory failed to explain.