Question

The soil formed by the deposition of silt brought by rivers is __________
A. Alluvial Soil
B. Red Soil
C. Black Soil
D. Pod Soil

Answer 1

Hint: The soil formed by the deposition of silt brought by the river consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay. It is also the soil which is most seen in India, around 43 percent.

Complete answer: The soil formed by the deposition of silt which are brought by rivers is known as alluvial soil. The word Alluvium comes from the latin word ‘alluvius’. The word ‘alluvius’ means ‘to wash against’.
-Alluvial soil is loose and unconsolidated soil. Alluvium is made up of fine particles of silt and clay as well as large particles of gravel and sand.
-As alluvial soil is deposited by surface water therefore one can find it along floodplains, deltas, stream terraces, etc. In India alluvial soil can be found from the Punjab in the west to West Bengal and Assam in the east.
-The most amount of alluvial soil in India is deposited by the river ganga in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Alluvial soil is suitable for the cultivation of a large variety of crops like - rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton, jute, etc.

Option B - Red Soil - It is mostly found in warm, temperate and moist climate. It has the colour red due to ferric oxides occurring as thin coating on the soil particle.
Option C - Black Soil - It is locally known as regur. It is the third most common type of soil. It can be used for the cultivation of several crops because of its high fertility and retentivity of moisture.
Option D - Pod Soil - Podzolic soil is also known as lessive soil. It is formed in broadleaf forest and has moderate leaching. It produces an accumulation of clay and iron.

Therefore the correct answer is option A.

Note: In India there are six types of soil deposits - alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, desert soil and forest soil. Soils of peninsular India are known as sedentary soils because they are transported and redeposited. The soils of the extra peninsular India are known as transported or azonal soils as they are formed due to the depositional work of rivers and wind.