Question

Which condition describes the sex correctly
A. XO condition as in Turner’s syndrome determines the female sex
B. XX sex chromosome produce male in Drosophila
C. ZZ sex chromosomes determine female sex in birds
D. XO sex chromosomes determine male sex in Grasshopper

Answer 1

Hint: The sex of an organism defines its state of being male or female. The male carries the male gametes and the female carries the female gametes. The sex chromosomes are the ones that determine the sex of the individuals. During the event of fertilization, the sex of the zygote is decided. Any abnormality in the pairing of chromosomes leads to defects in the zygote and its sex determination.

Complete answer: To answer this question let us understand each given statement to derive which of the above are true or false.
-Statement A: Turner’s syndrome or 45-X or 45-XO is a disease that is found only in females. It is a condition in which the sex chromosome pair in females lacks partially or completely one X chromosome. The female sex chromosome is characterized by XX. The absence or partial presence of one of the X chromosomes leads to a 45-X or 45-XO condition. The total number of chromosomes is 46 but in diseased females, the number becomes 45. The symptoms can be seen at birth having a short and webbed neck, low hairline at the back of the neck, low-set ears, swollen feet, and hands. So, this statement is incorrect.
-Statement B: The sex determination in Drosophila follows the same pattern of sex determination as seen in humans. The male sex is determined by XY and the female sex is determined by XX. The male gamete carrying the Y sex chromosome when fertilizes the female gamete then the zygote produced is a male. On the other hand, the fertilization of female gametes by male gametes carrying the X chromosome produces a female zygote. So, this statement is incorrect.
-Statement C: The birds follow the ZZ and ZW sex-determination system. The female gamete carries the ZZ gametes and the male carries the ZW gametes. When a male gamete carrying the Z sex chromosome fertilizes female gametes it produces a female zygote. But when male gamete carrying W sex chromosome fertilizes female gamete it produces male zygote. Thus, this statement is wrong.
-Statement D: In grasshoppers, the male gametes are determined by XO gametes and female gametes are determined by XX chromosomes. Female grasshoppers are homogametic and consist of XX chromosomes. Homogametic refers to the same set of chromosomes. Male grasshoppers consist of only one sex chromosome that is XO. So, this statement is also right.
So, option D is correct.

Note: The sex determination mechanisms are very different in different organisms. The most common type of sex-determination system is XX and XY type. The turner syndrome affected patients can get menstrual cycles and develop breasts by hormonal treatments. Also, they can undergo pregnancy with the help of reproductive technology techniques.