Question

Which of the following species is restricted to a specific area?
A. Sibling species
B. Allopatric species
C. Sympatric species
D. Endemic species

Answer 1

Hint: A species is defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate mating types can produce fertile offspring.
All species are given a two – part name, a binomial. The first part of the binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name.

Complete answer:
Sibling species are the species which look alike, but cannot breed with each other. Example is Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis which are almost identical but do not interbreed.
In allopatric species, the two populations become isolated from each other due to geographic changes. For example: Human activities such as civil engineering, agriculture can have an effect on the habitable environment and cause some members of the population to migrate.
In sympatric species, the two groups live in the same geographic location but they evolve differently until they can no longer interbreed and are considered different species. Example: bacteria, cichlid fish, apple maggot fly etc.
Endemic species are those plants and animals that exist only in one geographical region. Example: Asiatic lion, Sangai deer, Kashmir stag etc.

Organisms are grouped into species partly according to their morphological similarities but more important in classifying sexually reproducing organisms so the ability of an organism to successfully interbreed.
A. This option is not correct because sibling species do not depend upon environmental conditions.
B. Allopatric species are independent of the geographical conditions. So, this option is incorrect according to the question.
C. Option C is also incorrect because sympatric species can survive in any geographical conditions.

D. This option is correct as endemic species are restricted to specific areas.

Note: Fauna term is used for animals and fauna term is used to represent plants. Endemic species are important because they are in the habitats restricted to a particular area due to climate change, urban development etc. Endemic species are often endangered, so it is important to save the species.