Guglielmo Marconi Biography

Radio inventor name- Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi FRSA, was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer who is most known for his work on long-distance radio transmission, the creation of Marconi's law, and the construction of a radio telegraph system. Marchese Marconi is credited with inventing the radio, and he and Karl Ferdinand Braun won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 " in honour of their involvement in the development of wireless telegraphy."

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Image: Guglielmo Marconi 

Marconi, who invented radio, had been a businessman and the creator of the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company in the United Kingdom, which he founded in 1897. By innovating and building on the work of previous experimenters and physicists, he was able to make radio an engineering and economic success. Marconi was made a Marchese (marquis) by King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy in 1929, and he founded Vatican Radio for Pope Pius XI in 1931.

Information on Founder of Radio

Full Name- Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi

Born- 25 April 1874; Bologna, Kingdom of Italy

Died- 20 July 1937 (aged 63); Rome, Kingdom of Italy

Nationality- Italian

Alma mater- University of Bologna

Known for- Radio (who is the founder of radio)

Awards- Matteucci Medal (1901); Nobel Prize for Physics (1909)

Albert Medal (1914);

Franklin Medal (1918);

IEEE Medal of Honor (1920);

John Fritz Medal (1923).

Early Years

On April 25, 1874, Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, the second son of Giuseppe Marconi and his Irish wife Annie Jameson, was born into the Italian nobility as Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi in Palazzo Marescalchi in Bologna. Alfonso Marconi was Marconi's brother, and Luigi was his stepbrother. Marconi and his older brother Alfonso lived with their mother in Bedford, England, between the ages of two and six.

Education

Marconi, who discovered radio, never went to school as a child and never pursued formal higher education. Instead, he studied chemistry, mathematics, and physics at home with the help of a number of private tutors recruited by his parents. In the winter, when they might leave Bologna for the milder climates of Tuscany or Florence, his family engaged additional instructors for Guglielmo. 

Professor Vincenzo Rosa, a high school physics teacher in Livorno, was an important mentor for Marconi. Rosa taught Marconi, who was 17 at the time, the fundamentals of physical phenomena and also new theories on electricity. Marconi met Augusto Righi, a physicist at the University of Bologna who had done a study on Heinrich Hertz's work, when he was 18 years old and back in Bologna. Marconi was allowed to attend university classes and use the university's laboratory and library, thanks to Righi's permission.

Radio Work

Guglielmo Marconi invention- Marconi has been fascinated with physics and electricity since he was a child. He began working on the concept of "wireless telegraphy" in the early 1890s, which is the transmission of telegraph signals without using connecting wires like the electric telegraph. This was not a novel concept; for more than 50 years, researchers and inventors had been experimenting with wireless telegraph technologies and even building systems that used electric conduction, electromagnetic induction, and optical (light) signalling, but nobody had proved extremely to be technically or commercially viable.

Heinrich Hertz, basing on James Clerk Maxwell's work, established that one could make and identify electromagnetic radiation in 1888, which was a relatively new invention. This radiation was formerly known as "Hertzian" waves, although it is now more popularly known as radio waves. In the physics community, there had been a lot of interest in radio waves, but it was more for the scientific phenomenon than for its potential as a communication technique. Radio waves were viewed by physicists as an invisible form of light that could only move across a line of sight path, restricting their range to the visual horizon, similar to other forms of visual signalling. 

Following Hertz's death in 1894, a presentation on the transmission and identification of radio waves by British physicist Oliver Lodge, as well as an article about Hertz's research by Augusto Righi, were published. Marconi's passion for constructing a wireless telegraphy system which is based on radio waves was reignited by Righi's article, which he observed other inventors did not appear to be pursuing.

Personal Life

In 1904, Marconi met The Hon. Beatrice O'Brien (1882–1976), a daughter of The 14th Baron Inchiquin, who was a companion of Charles van Raalte and his wife Florence, the proprietors of Brownsea Island, and Margherita, their daughter. Beatrice O'Brien and Marconi married on March 16, 1905, and celebrated their honeymoon on Brownsea Island. Degna (1908–1998), Gioia (1916–1996), and Lucia (born and died 1906) were their three daughters, and Giulio, 2nd Marchese Marconi (1910–1971) was their son. The Marconi family moved back to Italy in 1913 and assimilated into Rome society. Queen Elena employed Beatrice as a lady-in-waiting. On April 27, 1927, Marconi's marriage to Beatrice was cancelled at his demand, allowing him to remarry. On February 12, 1924, Marconi and Beatrice separated in the free city of Fiume (Rijeka).

Marconi, who made radio, married Maria Cristina Bezzi-Scali (2 April 1900 – 15 July 1994), the only daughter of Francesco, Count Bezzi-Scali, on June 12, 1927. He would have to be recognized in the Catholic religion and become a dedicated member of the Church in order to do this.

Although he was baptised Catholic, he was raised in the Anglican Church. Marconi married Maria Cristina in a civil wedding on June 12, 1927, followed by a religious ceremony on June 15, 1927. Marconi was 53 years old at the time, and Maria Cristina was 26 years old. 

Marconi afterwards became an enthusiastic Italian Fascist and an advocate for their doctrine and deeds, such as the Italian troops' attack on Ethiopia.

Later Years and Death

Marconi, who discovered radio, experimented with radio technology in his native Italy until his death from heart disease on July 20, 1937, in Rome.

In 1943, the United States Supreme Court determined that the source of a few of his inventions was dubious, and as a consequence, several prior patents to other scientists, notably Oliver Lodge and Nikola Tesla, were restored, which predated a few of his findings. Marconi's claim that he was the first one to establish radio transmission was unaffected by the Court's verdict; he simply couldn't take credit for their work.

Tributes

• The Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence has a funeral monument to Marconi's figure, while his remains are in the Guglielmo Marconi Mausoleum in Sasso Marconi, Italy. The Marconi Museum (Italy), which houses much of his equipment, is located next to the mausoleum.

• In Hoboken, New Jersey, a statue of Guglielmo Marconi rests in Church Square Park.

• In Washington, D.C., an Attilio Piccirilli sculpture of Guglielmo Marconi stands.

• The General Electric Company, plc (GEC) of the United Kingdom, which later renamed itself Marconi plc and Marconi Corporation plc, had a huge collection of Marconi antiques. The items are now in the possession of The Museum of the History of Science, while the ephemera Archives are housed at the nearby Bodleian Library. An Online Catalogue to the Marconi Archives was launched in November 2008, after three years of effort at the Bodleian.

• The first transatlantic transmission is commemorated with a granite obelisk on the clifftop near Marconi's Poldhu Wireless Station in Cornwall.

• In 1937, a bronze statue of G Marconi was constructed on the east side of Marconi Plaza Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at the intersection of Oregon Avenue and South Broad Street.