Mao Tse Tung Biography

Mao Tse Tung or Mao Zedong, a Chinese chief was born on December 26, 1893, in Shaoshan city, Hunan province, China. Mao Tse Tung was the principal Chinese Marxist theorist, soldier, and statesman who led his country’s communist revolution. Mao Zedong was the director of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1935. Mao Zedong was chairman (chief of state) of the People’s Republic of China from 1949 to 1959 and chairman of the party also until his death. In this Mao Tse Tung biography, we will study Mao Zedong life, political establishments, achievements, etc.

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An image of Mao Zedong

Who is Mao Tse Tung?

Mao Tse-tung worked as director (or the chairman) of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1959 and led the Chinese Communist Party from 1935 until his death. Mao Zedong "Great Leap Forward" and the Cultural Revolution were ill-conceived and had unfortunate consequences, but many of his goals, including stressing China's self-reliance, were generally laudable.

He had a Chinese nationalist and an anti-imperialist viewpoint early in his life. He was especially inspired by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and the May Fourth Movement of 1919. Mao Zedong following the inspiration adopted Marxism–Leninism while working at Peking University, and became a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), managing the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927. Mao Tse-tung (also spelt Zedong or Mao Zedong title) was the preeminent Chinese statesman who led his nation's Cultural Revolution.

Mao Tse Tung Early Life

By the end of the 19th century, China was nothing more than the shell of its glorious past, dominated by the decline of the Qing dynasty. Mao Zedong was born on December 26, 1893, in the agricultural community of Shaoshan, Hunan Province, China, to a family of farmers who have cultivated three acres for generations. Mao Tse Tung was the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan, Hunan. Life was difficult for many Chinese at the time, but the Mao family was wealthier than many others. His bossy father, Mao Zedong, was a successful grain merchant, and his mother, Wen Kimei, was adopted. 

Mao was barely educated when she attended a small school in the village at the age of eight. At the age of 13, he was working full time in the field and was becoming more and more restless and ambitious. 

At the age of 14, Mao Zedong's father arranged a wedding for him, but he never agreed to it. He left home at the age of 17 and enrolled in a high school in Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province. The Xinhua Revolution on the Monarchy began in 1911 and Mao Zedong joined the Revolutionary Army, the Kuomintang and the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang, led by Chinese politician Sun Yat-sen, overthrew the monarchy in 1912 and established the Republic of China. Driven by China and his own promise of a new future, Mao was delighted with the political and cultural changes the country is experiencing.

Mao Tse Tung Political Life

Mao Zedong began to come into contact with socialist ideals, and under the inspiration of Marx's class struggle and Lenin's anti-imperialist stance, he began a self-directed course of political and economic study. 

In 1921, Mao was one of the fighting members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). In 1925, he returned to Hunan and escaped persecution by the Communists under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek by the Kuomintang (Guo Meidong or GMD). Two years later, Mao Zedong conducted a study on the poor peasants of Hunan and concluded that it was the countryside, not the cities, that could start the Chinese Communist Revolution. 

In and 1934-35, under threat from the Kuomintang, Mao led the Long March to Yandu, where he established a headquarters, and Mao became chairman of the Communist Party of China. For the rest of this decade, the CCP and the GMD worked hard to counter the Japanese invasion. 

In 1949, with the support of Russia, the CCP seized power and consolidated a series of victories over the GMD. The "Mao Zedong Thought" described in the Rectification Movement of 1942-44 has been adopted as the doctrine of the Chinese Communist Party. This enabled Mao Zedong to initiate land reform, the First Five Year Plan, and the Great Leap Forward in 1958. The latter was designed to rapidly modernize and industrialize China, leading to a catastrophic famine, which claimed approximately 20 million lives in 1959-1962 but did not compromise Mao Zedong's authority.  

The socialist education movement in the early 1960s laid the foundations for the Cultural Revolution of 1966-76. With the excuse that certain "bourgeois" liberal elements in society labelled class enemies continue to threaten the existing framework of socialism under the dictatorship of the proletariat, the idea that the Cultural Revolution must continue after the armed struggle allowed Mao to elude the Communist Party. The system directly transfers power to the Red Guards. A group of young people, usually teenagers, create their own courts. Chaos reigned in the country, millions of people were prosecuted and finally murdered during the dark period of the country's history.

Death of Sun Yat-Sen and the Long March

In the year 1925 March, Sun Yat-sen (Chinese president) died, and his successor Chiang Kai-shek became the chairman of the Kuomintang. Unlike Sun Yat-sen, Jiang is more conservative and traditional. In April 1927, he broke the alliance and began a violent purge of the Communists, imprisoning or killing many people. In September of that year, Mao Zedong led the peasant army to resist the KMT but was easily defeated. The remaining army fled to Jiangxi Province, where it was reorganized. Mao assisted to build the Soviet Republic of China in the mountainous area of ​​Jiangxi and was elected president of the small republic. Political opinions were tortured and executed. 

From 1934, Jiangxi ruled more than 10 districts. Chiang Kai-shek was nervous about their success and their growing numbers. The raids and small-scale attacks on remote Communist strongholds did not discourage them. Jiang concluded that it was time for a large-scale sweep of the region to eliminate the influence of communism. In October 1934, Jiang assembled nearly a million government troops and surrounded the stronghold of the Communist Party. Mao was alert to the upcoming attack. After deep insight and discussions with other leaders who wanted to make a final stand on the government forces, he convinced them that retreat was the best strategy.

Over the next 12 months, more than 100,000 Communist Party members and their families travelled west and north through Chinese mountains and swamps in what was later called the "Long March" to reach Yan'an in North China. It is estimated that only about 30,000 of the original 100,000 people survived the 8,000-mile journey. When the news spread that the Communist Party escaped the extinction of the Kuomintang, many young people moved to Yan'an. Here, Mao Zedong unleashed his speaking ability and inspired volunteers to faithfully join his cause and become the supreme leader of the Communist Party.

Mao Tse Tung Rise To Power

In July 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army invaded China, forcing Chiang Kai-shek to flee the capital Nanjing. Chiang's army quickly lost control of the coastal areas and most of the major cities. Unable to fight on two fronts, Jiang sought a truce and support from the Communist Party. During this period, Mao Zedong established his position as a military leader and helped fight against Japan with the help of allied forces. 

After Japan was defeated in 1945, Chinese leader mao Zedong set his sights on controlling all of China. The United States, in particular, tried to establish a coalition government, but China fell into a bloody civil war. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the founding of the People's Republic of China at Tiananmen Square in Beijing. Chiang Kai-shek and his followers fled to Taiwan Island, where they established the Republic of China. 

In the following years, Mao Zedong initiated radical land reforms, sometimes through persuasion and sometimes through coercion, using violence and terror when necessary. He took the land from the warlord and turned it into a people's commune. He has brought positive changes in China, including improving the status of women, doubling the school population, increasing literacy, increasing health care opportunities, and greatly increasing life expectancy. But Mao Zedong's reforms and support were not very successful in the cities, and he was dissatisfied. In 1956, he launched the "Hundred Flowers Movement" to democratically let others express their concerns. Mao looked forward to a wide range of useful ideas and only a moderate criticism of his policies. Instead, he was severely condemned and shaken by the strong rejection of urban intellectuals. Fearing to lose control, he relentlessly suppressed any other objections. Hundreds of thousands of Chinese have been labelled as "rightists" and thousands have been imprisoned.

Cultural Revolution

In 1966, Mao Zedong returned politically and launched the Cultural Revolution. In May this year, 73-year-old Mao Zedong appeared at the Yangtze River Party and spent a few minutes swimming in the middle of the river. He looked very fit and energetic. The message to his competitors was: "Look, I'm back!" Later, he and his closest assistants organized a series of public meetings attended by thousands of young supporters. He calculated correctly, the young man would not remember the failure of the Great Leap Forward and the ensuing famine.  

Mao Zedong gained control in a classic autocratic fashion, creating a crisis that only he could solve. Mao told his followers that the goal of Chinese bourgeois elements was to restore capitalism and declared that these elements must be eliminated from society. His young followers formed the Red Guards and led a large-scale purge of "undesirable people." Soon Mao returned to power.

Mao Tse Tung Death

Mao Zedong 1893 - 1976:

On September 9, 1976, Mao Zedong died of complications from Parkinson's disease in Beijing, China, at the age of 82. As a soldier and political genius, he left a controversial legacy in both China and the West. Officially in China, he is revered as a great politician and military planner, and the saviour of the country.

For Mao Je Dong and his long career, there is no single accepted measure. For example, how does the good fortune of farmers' access to land compare to the executions and deaths of millions of people? How did the actual economic achievements after 1949 balance with the famine after the Great Leap Forward or the bloody chaos of the Cultural Revolution? Perhaps it is acceptable to accept the official judgment that although there were mistakes in his old age," Mao's credits outweighed his shortcomings, and he emphasized the fact that the accounts were very balanced.