Question

Define refraction and state laws of refraction.

Answer 1

Hint: when a light incident from one medium to the other changes its direction then this phenomenon is known as refraction of light. There are two laws of refraction that are used to describe the behavior of light after refraction.

Complete step by step answer:
A refraction is a phenomenon in which light changes its direction when it is subjected to one medium into the other. This change in the direction will be the cause of the difference in densities in two substances.
The figure below shows the refraction of light from air to water.

Here, you can see when a light travelling in the air is incident on the water it changes its angle from $${\theta }_1$$ to ${\theta }_2$ . Here, ${\theta }_1$ represents the angle of incidence and ${\theta }_2$ represents the angle of refraction.
LAWS OF REFRACTION:
There are two laws of refraction which are given below:
The first law of refraction: the first law of refraction states that the incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal, to the interface of the two mediums at the incidence point, lie in the same plane.
The second law of refraction: the second law of refraction states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence and the sine of the angle of refraction is constant. This law is also known as Snell’s law and is given by
${\displaystyle \frac{\sin i}{\sin r}}=\mu$
Here, $i$ is the angle of incidence, $r$ is the angle of refraction and $\mu$ is the constant which is also known as the refractive index of the medium.

Note:
If the light enters a medium having a high refractive index, it will slow down and it will bend towards the normal.
If the light enters a medium having a low refractive index, it will speed up and it will bend away from the normal.
The second law of refraction states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence and the sine of the angle of refraction is constant.