Question

Write short notes on the following:
> Cytoplasm
> Nucleus of a cell
> Vacuoles

Answer 1

Hint: In biology, the cell is the essential membrane-bound unit containing the fundamental molecules of life that make up all living things. A single cell, such as a bacterium or yeast, is also a complete organism in itself. As they mature, other cells develop specialised roles. Along with other specialised cells , these cells become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals. Cells consist of cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuoles.

Complete answer:
Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm is a dense solution which is enclosed by the cell membrane and fills each cell. It is composed primarily of water, salts, and proteins. The cytoplasm contains all of the material inside the cell and outside of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. In the cytoplasm, all of the organelles of eukaryotic cells are found, such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. The cytoplasm part that is not present in the organelles is called the cytosol. While there might seem to be no form or structure of the cytoplasm, it is actually highly structured. The cytoplasm and the cell are provided with their structure by a system of protein scaffolds called the cytoskeleton.
Nucleus of a cell: The nucleus is a highly specialised organelle which functions as the cell's data processing and administrative core. This organelle has two main functions: it stores the hereditary material of the cell, or DNA, and coordinates the activities of the cell, including growth, intermediate metabolism, synthesis of proteins, and cell division. Only the cells, known as eukaryotes, of advanced species have a nucleus. Generally, only one nucleus per cell occurs, but there are exceptions, such as slime mould cells and the algae group Siphonales. There is no nucleus for simpler one-celled species, such as bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Vacuoles: In biology, vacuole is an area within a cell that is empty with a cytoplasm, lined with a membrane, filled with liquid. Vacuoles are cytoplasmic organs, particularly in protozoa, performing functions such as storage, absorption, digestion, excretion, and excess water expulsion. Without collecting the bulk, the large central vacuoles often found in plant cells allow them to reach a large size that would make metabolism difficult.

Note:
The cell is able to metabolise its own nutrients as an independent entity, synthesise several kinds of molecules, provide its own energy, and reproduce itself in order to create successive generations. It can be seen as an enclosed vessel inside which, simultaneously, countless chemical reactions take place. These responses are regulated very specifically in order to contribute to the cell 's life and procreation.