Biology Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases Class 11 - FREE PDF Download
FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Biology Class 11 Chapter 14- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
1. Explain the Effects on the Respiratory System of a Man While Climbing a Hill.
The amount of oxygen keeps on decreasing as the altitude increases. The amount of oxygen starts decreasing as the man starts climbing up the hill. As the level of oxygen starts decreasing, the man is unable to breathe in the required amount of oxygen into the blood. In response to the declined oxygen in the blood, the respiratory rate increases, making it difficult to breathe. The blood is in a constant need for more oxygen. To supply the blood with oxygen, the heartbeat rate of that person also increases. To learn the concepts related to respiration, students can refer to solutions provided by Vedantu for Class 11 breathing and exchange of gases.
2. According to Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases NCERT, Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of the respiratory system. Why?
For efficient diffusion of gases, the region should meet the following characteristics to be capable enough for the important process. They are;
The membrane should be permeable to gases and should be thin and moist too.
It should have a large surface area.
It should have high vascularity.
All these characteristics are met by the alveolar membrane, thus, it is the best place for respiratory exchange among all other parts of the respiratory system. A detailed explanation is available on Vedantu.
3. What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill according to Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases Class 11 NCERT?
With increasing altitude, the oxygen level depreciates in the atmosphere. Therefore, when a man climbs up the hill, the amount of oxygen he gets while breathing also decreases. Thus, oxygen levels in the blood also decrease and as a result of this, to compensate for this declining level of oxygen, the respiratory rate increases. The heart also has to work faster to supply oxygen to the organs and thus, heartbeat increases. These solutions make it easier for students by offering detailed answers to all textbook questions. Furthermore, all the textual responses are created by top Biology teachers who have worked hard to ensure that students fully comprehend each idea.
4. Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions as discussed in Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases NCERT PDF.
The process through which fresh air enters the lungs is known as inspiration. The diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and abdominal muscles are all crucial. The most significant muscles for inspiration are the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. Relaxation of abdominal muscles occurs during inspiration, allowing the diaphragm to compress the abdominal organs. As a result, the overall volume of the thoracic cavity grows, and the air pressure in the lungs decreases. Because of the increased pressure outside the body, the air is now rushing into the lungs. This is the order in which air flows during inspiration.
5. How is respiration regulated according to Class 11 Biology Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases?
Both the neurological and chemical systems are in charge of respiration. The medulla oblongata and pons Varolii include clusters of neurons that make up the respiratory centre in the brain. The respiratory centre is in charge of controlling the rate and depth of breathing.
The dorsal respiratory group of neurons is found in the medulla oblongata's dorsal part. This group of neurons is mostly in charge of inspiration.
In the ventrolateral region of the medulla oblongata, there is a group of neurons known as the ventral group. These can either inspire or cause exhalation.
Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies chemically control respiration. Excess carbon dioxide or hydrogen ions stimulate the respiratory centre of the brain, which increases the inspiratory and expiratory impulses to the respiratory muscles. Acidosis is caused by increased CO2. The importance of oxygen in respiratory rhythm regulation is negligible. For more, refer to the notes of Chapter 14 of Class 11 Biology by Vedantu which are available to download free of cost.
6. Define the oxygen dissociation curve according to Biology Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases Class 11. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern?
A curve called the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve graphically depicts the relationship between partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and % saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen (O2) (also called oxygen dissociation curve).
The sigmoidal structure of the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve is due to two features that are important in oxygen transport. These are the two properties:
Despite considerable increases in oxygen tension beyond p02 of 70-80 mm Hg, minimal oxygen loss from haemoglobin occurs. The comparatively flat segment of the curve depicts this.
Any additional drop in p02 below 40 mm Hg results in a disproportionately higher oxygen release from the haemoglobin. It causes the curve to be sigmoid and results in the steeper portion of the curve.
7. What increases gas exchange in the lungs, as explained in Breathing and Exchange of Gases NCERT?
Here are some reasons for increasing gas exchange in the lungs:
Deep breathing
Larger surface area
Increased Alveolar Oxygen Pressure
Decreased alveolar CO2
Increase blood flow
Hemoglobin concentration
8. What is responsible for breathing and gas exchange?
It is a process of well-coordinated interplay between several systems, such as:
The Respiratory System ( which provides the passage of air)
Neuromuscular System (controls the mechanics of breathing)
Circulatory System (transport system for the exchanged gases)
Students can refer to and download Chapter 14 breathing and Exchange of gases NCERT solutions available on Vedantu’s website to learn the concepts and clear their doubts.
9. What are the characteristics of gas exchange?
The characteristics of gas exchange explained in Class 11 breathing and exchange of gases are as follows:
Larger surface area
Diffusion
Passive process
Concentration gradient
Matching ventilation and perfusion
10. Which part of the body controls breathing?
The part of the body that controls breathing is the brainstem, specifically a region called the medulla oblongata, which sends signals to the muscles. Students can refer to answers provided by Vedantu and also get insights on breathing and exchange of gases questions and answers PDF for FREE.