NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Exercise 8.1 - Introduction to Trigonometry

1. In $\Delta ABC$ right angled at $B$, $AB=24\text{ cm}$, $BC=7\text{ cm}$. Determine 

i) $\sin A,\cos A$ 

Ans: Given that in the right angle triangle $\Delta ABC$, $AB=24\text{ cm}$, $BC=7\text{ cm}$.

Let us draw a right triangle $\Delta ABC$, also $AB=24\text{ cm}$, $BC=7\text{ cm}$. We get

We have to find $\sin A,\cos A$.

We know that for right triangle

$\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ and 

$\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of hypotenuse.

In $\Delta ABC$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

Here, $AB=24\text{ cm}$, $BC=7\text{ cm}$

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( AB \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( BC \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( 24 \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( 7 \right)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}=576+49$

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}=625\text{ }c{{m}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow AC=25\text{ cm}$ 

Now, 

$\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ 

$\Rightarrow \sin A=\dfrac{BC}{AC}$ 

$\therefore \sin A=\dfrac{7}{25}$

$\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$

$\Rightarrow \cos A=\dfrac{AB}{AC}$

$\therefore \cos A=\dfrac{24}{25}$

ii) $\sin C,\cos C$ 

Ans: Given that in the right angle triangle $\Delta ABC$, $AB=24\text{ cm}$, $BC=7\text{ cm}$.

Let us draw a right triangle $\Delta ABC$, also $AB=24\text{ cm}$, $BC=7\text{ cm}$. We get

We have to find $\sin C,\cos C$.

We know that for right triangle

$\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ and 

$\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of hypotenuse.

In $\Delta ABC$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

Here, $AB=24\text{ cm}$, $BC=7\text{ cm}$

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( AB \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( BC \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( 24 \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( 7 \right)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}=576+49$

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}=625\text{ }c{{m}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow AC=25\text{ cm}$

Now, 

$\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ 

$\Rightarrow \sin C=\dfrac{AB}{AC}$ 

$\therefore \sin C=\dfrac{24}{25}$

$\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$

$\Rightarrow \cos C=\dfrac{BC}{AC}$

$\therefore \cos A=\dfrac{7}{25}$

2. In the given figure find $\tan P-\cot R$.

Ans: Given in the figure, 

$PQ=12\text{ cm}$ 

$PQ=13\text{ cm}$

We know that for right triangle

$\tan \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{adjacent side}}$ and 

$\cot \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{opposite side}}$

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of adjacent side/base.

In $\Delta PQR$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( PR \right)}^{2}}={{\left( PQ \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( QR \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow {{\left( 13 \right)}^{2}}={{\left( 12 \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( QR \right)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow 169=144+{{\left( QR \right)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow {{\left( QR \right)}^{2}}=169-144$

$\Rightarrow {{\left( QR \right)}^{2}}=25\text{ }c{{m}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow QR=5\text{ cm}$ 

Now, 

$\tan P=\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{adjacent side}}$ 

$\Rightarrow \tan P=\dfrac{QR}{PQ}$ 

$\therefore \tan P=\dfrac{5}{12}$

$\cot R=\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{opposite side}}$

$\Rightarrow \cot R=\dfrac{QR}{PQ}$

$\therefore \cot R=\dfrac{5}{12}$

$\Rightarrow \tan P-\cot R=\dfrac{5}{12}-\dfrac{5}{12}$

$\therefore \tan P-\cot R=0$

3. If $\sin A=\dfrac{3}{4}$, calculate $\cos A$ and $\tan A$.

Ans: Let us consider a right angled triangle $\Delta ABC$. We get

Given that $\sin A=\dfrac{3}{4}$.

We know that  $\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$.

From the above figure, we get

$\sin A=\dfrac{BC}{AC}$

Therefore, we get

$\Rightarrow BC=3$ and

$\Rightarrow AC=4$ 

Now, we have to find the values of $\cos A$ and $\tan A$.

We know that $\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ and $\tan \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{adjacent side}}$.

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of adjacent side/base.

In $\Delta ABC$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

Here, $AC=4\text{ cm}$, $BC=3\text{ cm}$

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( AB \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( BC \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow {{4}^{2}}=A{{B}^{2}}+{{3}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow 16=A{{B}^{2}}+9$

$\Rightarrow A{{B}^{2}}=16-9$

$\Rightarrow A{{B}^{2}}=7$

$\Rightarrow AB=\sqrt{7}\text{ cm}$

Now, we get

$\cos A=\dfrac{AB}{AC}$ 

$\therefore \cos A=\dfrac{\sqrt{7}}{4}$ 

And $\tan A=\dfrac{BC}{AB}$

$\therefore \tan A=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{7}}$

4. Given $15\cot A=8$. Find $\sin A$ and $\sec A$.

Ans: Let us consider a right angled triangle $\Delta ABC$. We get

Given that $15\cot A=8$.

We get $\cot A=\dfrac{8}{15}$.

We know that $\cot \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{opposite side}}$.

From the above figure, we get

$\cot A=\dfrac{AB}{BC}$

Therefore, we get

$\Rightarrow BC=15$ and

$\Rightarrow AB=8$ 

Now, we have to find the values of $\sin A$ and $\sec A$.

We know that $\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ and $\sec \theta =\dfrac{\text{hypotenuse}}{\text{adjacent side}}$.

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of hypotenuse.

In $\Delta ABC$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( AB \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( BC \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}={{8}^{2}}+{{15}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}=64+225$

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}=289$

$\Rightarrow AC=17\text{ cm}$

Now, we get

$\sin A=\dfrac{BC}{AC}$ 

$\therefore \sin A=\dfrac{15}{17}$ 

And $\sec A=\dfrac{AC}{AB}$

$\therefore \sec A=\dfrac{17}{8}$

5. Given $\sec \theta =\dfrac{13}{12}$, calculate all other trigonometric ratios.

Ans: Let us consider a right angled triangle $\Delta ABC$. We get

Given that $\sec \theta =\dfrac{13}{12}$.

We know that $\sec \theta =\dfrac{\text{hypotenuse}}{\text{adjacent side}}$.

From the above figure, we get

$\sec \theta =\dfrac{AC}{AB}$

Therefore, we get

$\Rightarrow AC=13$ and

$\Rightarrow AB=12$ 

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of the perpendicular/opposite side.

In $\Delta ABC$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( AB \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( BC \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow {{13}^{2}}={{12}^{2}}+B{{C}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow 169=144+B{{C}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow B{{C}^{2}}=25$

$\Rightarrow BC=5\text{ cm}$

Now, we know that

$\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$

Here, $\sin \theta =\dfrac{BC}{AC}$ 

$\therefore \sin \theta =\dfrac{5}{13}$ 

We know that $\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$

Here, $\cos \theta =\dfrac{AB}{AC}$ 

$\therefore \cos \theta =\dfrac{12}{13}$

We know that $\tan \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{adjacent side}}$

Here, $\tan \theta =\dfrac{BC}{AB}$ 

$\therefore \tan \theta =\dfrac{5}{12}$

We know that $\operatorname{cosec}\theta =\dfrac{\text{hypotenuse}}{\text{opposite side}}$

Here, $\operatorname{cosec}\theta =\dfrac{AC}{BC}$

$\therefore \operatorname{cosec}\theta =\dfrac{13}{5}$

We know that $\cot \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{opposite side}}$

Here, $\cot \theta =\dfrac{\text{AB}}{BC}$

\[\therefore \cot \theta =\dfrac{12}{5}\].

6. If $\angle A$ and $\angle B$ are acute angles such that $\cos A=\cos B$, then show that $\angle A=\angle B$.

Ans: Let us consider a right angled triangle $\Delta ABC$. We get

Given that $\cos A=\cos B$.

In a right triangle $\Delta ABC$, we know that 

$\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$

Here, 

$\cos A=\dfrac{AC}{AB}$ 

And $\cos B=\dfrac{BC}{AB}$ 

As given $\cos A=\cos B$, we get

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{AC}{AB}=\dfrac{BC}{AB}$ 

$\Rightarrow AC=AB$ 

Now, we know that angles opposite to the equal sides are also equal in measure.

Then, we get

$\angle A=\angle B$ 

Hence proved.

7. Evaluate the following if $\cot \theta =\dfrac{7}{8}$

i) $\dfrac{\left( 1+\sin \theta  \right)\left( 1-\sin \theta  \right)}{\left( 1+\cos \theta  \right)\left( 1-\cos \theta  \right)}$ 

Ans: Let us consider a right angled triangle $\Delta ABC$. We get

Now, in a right triangle we know that $\cot \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{opposite side}}$.

Here, from the figure $\cot \theta =\dfrac{BC}{AB}$ .

We get

$AB=8$ and 

$BC=7$ 

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of hypotenuse.

In $\Delta ABC$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( AB \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( BC \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{8}^{2}}+{{7}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}=64+49$

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}=113$

$\Rightarrow AC=\sqrt{113}$ 

Now, we know that 

$\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$

Here, we get

$\sin \theta =\dfrac{AB}{AC}=\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{113}}$ and 

$\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$

Here, we get

$\cos \theta =\dfrac{BC}{AC}=\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{113}}$ 

Now, we have to evaluate 

$\dfrac{\left( 1+\sin \theta  \right)\left( 1-\sin \theta  \right)}{\left( 1+\cos \theta  \right)\left( 1-\cos \theta  \right)}$

Applying the identity $\left( a+b \right)\left( a-b \right)={{a}^{2}}-{{b}^{2}}$, we get

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{\left( 1+\sin \theta  \right)\left( 1-\sin \theta  \right)}{\left( 1+\cos \theta  \right)\left( 1-\cos \theta  \right)}=\dfrac{1-{{\sin }^{2}}\theta }{1-{{\cos }^{2}}\theta }\] 

Substituting the values, we get

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{\left( 1+\sin \theta  \right)\left( 1-\sin \theta  \right)}{\left( 1+\cos \theta  \right)\left( 1-\cos \theta  \right)}=\dfrac{1-{{\left( \dfrac{8}{\sqrt{113}} \right)}^{2}}}{1-{{\left( \dfrac{7}{\sqrt{113}} \right)}^{2}}}\]

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{\left( 1+\sin \theta  \right)\left( 1-\sin \theta  \right)}{\left( 1+\cos \theta  \right)\left( 1-\cos \theta  \right)}=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{64}{113}}{1-\dfrac{49}{113}}\]

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{\left( 1+\sin \theta  \right)\left( 1-\sin \theta  \right)}{\left( 1+\cos \theta  \right)\left( 1-\cos \theta  \right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{113-64}{113}}{\dfrac{113-49}{113}}\]

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{\left( 1+\sin \theta  \right)\left( 1-\sin \theta  \right)}{\left( 1+\cos \theta  \right)\left( 1-\cos \theta  \right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{49}{113}}{\dfrac{64}{113}}\]

\[\therefore \dfrac{\left( 1+\sin \theta  \right)\left( 1-\sin \theta  \right)}{\left( 1+\cos \theta  \right)\left( 1-\cos \theta  \right)}=\dfrac{49}{64}\]

ii) ${{\cot }^{2}}\theta $ 

Ans: Given that $\cot \theta =\dfrac{7}{8}$.

Now, ${{\cot }^{2}}\theta ={{\left( \dfrac{7}{8} \right)}^{2}}$

$\therefore {{\cot }^{2}}\theta =\dfrac{49}{64}$

8. If $3\cot A=4$, check whether $\dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}={{\cos }^{2}}A-{{\sin }^{2}}A$ or not.

Ans: Let us consider a right angled triangle $\Delta ABC$. We get

Given that $3\cot A=4$.

We get $\cot A=\dfrac{4}{3}$.

We know that $\cot \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{opposite side}}$.

From the above figure, we get

$\cot A=\dfrac{AB}{BC}$

Therefore, we get

$\Rightarrow BC=3$ and

$\Rightarrow AB=4$ 

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of hypotenuse.

In $\Delta ABC$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( AB \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( BC \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}={{4}^{2}}+{{3}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}=16+9$

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}=25$

$\Rightarrow AC=5$

Now, let us consider LHS of the expression $\dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}={{\cos }^{2}}A-{{\sin }^{2}}A$, we get

$LHS=\dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}$

Now, we know that $\tan \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{adjacent side}}$

Here, we get

$\tan A=\dfrac{BC}{AB}=\dfrac{3}{4}$ 

Substitute the value, we get

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}=\dfrac{1-{{\left( \dfrac{3}{4} \right)}^{2}}}{1+{{\left( \dfrac{3}{4} \right)}^{2}}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{9}{16}}{1+\dfrac{9}{16}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}=\dfrac{\dfrac{16-9}{16}}{\dfrac{16+9}{16}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}=\dfrac{\dfrac{7}{16}}{\dfrac{25}{16}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}=\dfrac{7}{25}$

Now, let us consider RHS of the expression $\dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}={{\cos }^{2}}A-{{\sin }^{2}}A$, we get

$RHS={{\cos }^{2}}A-{{\sin }^{2}}A$

We know that $\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ and $\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$.

Here, we get

$\sin A=\dfrac{BC}{AC}=\dfrac{3}{5}$  

And $\cos A=\dfrac{AB}{AC}=\dfrac{4}{5}$

Substitute the values, we get

$\Rightarrow {{\cos }^{2}}A-{{\sin }^{2}}A={{\left( \dfrac{4}{5} \right)}^{2}}-{{\left( \dfrac{3}{5} \right)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow {{\cos }^{2}}A-{{\sin }^{2}}A=\dfrac{16}{25}-\dfrac{9}{25}$

$\Rightarrow {{\cos }^{2}}A-{{\sin }^{2}}A=\dfrac{7}{25}$

Hence, we get LHS=RHS

$\therefore \dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}A}{1+{{\tan }^{2}}A}={{\cos }^{2}}A-{{\sin }^{2}}A$.

9. In $ABC$, right angled at $B$. If $\tan A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$, find the value of 

i) $\sin A\cos C+\cos A\sin C$ 

Ans: Let us consider a right angled triangle $\Delta ABC$. We get

Given that $\tan A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$.

In a right triangle, we know that $\tan \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{adjacent side}}$

Here, from the figure we get

$\tan A=\dfrac{BC}{AB}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

We get $BC=1$ and $AB=\sqrt{3}$ .

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of hypotenuse.

In $\Delta ABC$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( AB \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( BC \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}={{\left( \sqrt{3} \right)}^{2}}+{{1}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}=3+1$

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}=4$

$\Rightarrow AC=2$

We know that $\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ and $\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$.

Here, we get

$\sin A=\dfrac{BC}{AC}=\dfrac{1}{2}$  and $\sin C=\dfrac{AB}{AC}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

And $\cos A=\dfrac{AB}{AC}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$and $\cos C=\dfrac{BC}{AC}=\dfrac{1}{2}$

Now, we have to find the value of the expression $\sin A\cos C+\cos A\sin C$.

Substituting the values we get

$\Rightarrow \sin A\cos C+\cos A\sin C=\dfrac{1}{2}\times \dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\times \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ 

$\Rightarrow \sin A\cos C+\cos A\sin C=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}$

$\Rightarrow \sin A\cos C+\cos A\sin C=\dfrac{4}{4}$

$\therefore \sin A\cos C+\cos A\sin C=1$

ii) $\cos A\cos C-\sin A\sin C$

Ans: Let us consider a right angled triangle $\Delta ABC$. We get

Given that $\tan A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$.

In a right triangle, we know that $\tan \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{adjacent side}}$

Here, from the figure we get

$\tan A=\dfrac{BC}{AB}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

We get $BC=1$ and $AB=\sqrt{3}$ .

Now, we need to apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the measure of hypotenuse.

In $\Delta ABC$, by Pythagoras theorem ,

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( \text{AC} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( AB \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( BC \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}={{\left( \sqrt{3} \right)}^{2}}+{{1}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}=3+1$

$\Rightarrow A{{C}^{2}}=4$

$\Rightarrow AC=2$

We know that $\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ and $\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$.

Here, we get

$\sin A=\dfrac{BC}{AC}=\dfrac{1}{2}$  and $\sin C=\dfrac{AB}{AC}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

And $\cos A=\dfrac{AB}{AC}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$and $\cos C=\dfrac{BC}{AC}=\dfrac{1}{2}$

Now, we have to find the value of the expression $\cos A\cos C-\sin A\sin C$.

Substituting the values we get

$\Rightarrow \cos A\cos C-\sin A\sin C=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\times \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\times \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ 

$\Rightarrow \cos A\cos C-\sin A\sin C=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}$

$\therefore \Rightarrow \cos A\cos C-\sin A\sin C=0$

10. In $\Delta PQR$, right angled at $Q$, $PR+QR=25\text{ cm}$ and $PQ=5\text{ cm}$. Determine the values of $\sin P,\cos P$ and $\tan P$.

Ans: Let us consider a right angled triangle $\Delta PQR$, we get

Given that $PR+QR=25\text{ cm}$ and $PQ=5\text{ cm}$.

Let $QR=25-PR$

Now, applying the Pythagoras theorem in $\Delta PQR$, we get

${{\left( \text{hypotenuse} \right)}^{2}}={{\left( base \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( perpendicular \right)}^{2}}$ 

We get

$\Rightarrow {{\left( PR \right)}^{2}}={{\left( PQ \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( QR \right)}^{2}}$ 

$\Rightarrow P{{R}^{2}}={{5}^{2}}+{{\left( 25-PR \right)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow P{{R}^{2}}=25+{{25}^{2}}+P{{R}^{2}}-50PR$

$\Rightarrow P{{R}^{2}}=P{{R}^{2}}+25+625-50PR$

$\Rightarrow 50PR=650$

$\Rightarrow PR=13\text{ cm}$ 

Therefore, 

$QR=25-13$

$\Rightarrow QR=12\text{ cm}$ 

Now, we know that in right triangle,

$\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$, $\cos \theta =\dfrac{\text{adjacent side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ and $\tan \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{adjacent side}}$.

Here, we get

$\sin P=\dfrac{QR}{PR}$ 

$\therefore \sin P=\dfrac{12}{13}$ 

$\cos P=\dfrac{PQ}{PR}$ 

$\therefore \cos P=\dfrac{5}{13}$ 

$\tan P=\dfrac{QR}{PQ}$ 

$\therefore \tan P=\dfrac{12}{5}$ 

10. State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.

i) The value of $\tan A$ is always less than $1$.

Ans: The given statement is false. The value of $\tan A$ depends on the length of sides of a right triangle and sides of a triangle may have any measure.

ii) For some value of angle $A$, $\sec A=\dfrac{12}{5}$.

Ans: We know that in the right triangle $\sec A=\dfrac{\text{hypotenuse}}{\text{adjacent side of }\angle \text{A}}$ .

We know that in the right triangle the hypotenuse is the largest side.

Therefore, the value of $\sec A$ must be greater than $1$.

In the given statement $\sec A=\dfrac{12}{5}$, which is greater than $1$.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

iii) $\cos A$ is the abbreviation used for the cosecant of angle $A$.

Ans: The given statement is false because $\cos A$ is the abbreviation used for the cosine of angle $A$. Abbreviation used for the cosecant of angle $A$ is $\operatorname{cosec}A$.

iv) $\cot A$ is the product of $\cot $ and $A$.

Ans: $\cot A$ is the abbreviation used for the cotangent of angle $A$. Hence the given statement is false.

v) For some angle $\theta $, $\sin \theta =\dfrac{4}{3}$.

Ans: We know that in the right triangle $\sin \theta =\dfrac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$ .

We know that in the right triangle the hypotenuse is the largest side.

Therefore, the value of $\sin \theta $ must be less than $1$.

In the given statement $\sin \theta =\dfrac{4}{3}$, which is greater than $1$.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

Conclusion

Class 10 Exercise 8.1 of Maths Chapter 8 -Introduction to Trigonometry, is crucial for a solid foundation in math. This exercise introduces the students to the fundamentals of trigonometry. Chapter 8 Maths Class 10 Ex 8.1 NCERT solutions deals with the types of problems like determining the trigonometric ratios given the sides of the triangle and finding the other trigonometric ratios given one of them by constructing a triangle of the respective ratio.

Class 10 Maths Chapter 8: Exercises Breakdown

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